TO WHAT EXTENT DOES PERSONALITY INFLUENCE MANAGEMENT STYLE

Organisational Behaviour TO WHAT EXTENT DOES PERSONALITY INFLUENCE MANAGEMENT STYLE? Word count: 1950 The aim of this essay is to analyse how personality traits can affect the way people are led by their leaders. As it may be possible that as many different leaders, there are many ways to lead people. The definition of leadership is commonly known as an â€Å"ability to influence a group toward the achievement of goals â€Å"(Robbins, p.156). I believe that it is necessary for leaders to posses this ability, to become as effective as possible in an organisation/workplace or even their subordinates to complete entrusted tasks and goals in a perfect manner. Furthermore leaders are seen as people who are able to have authority†¦show more content†¦Leaders offer an incredible autonomy and trust to their subordinates in a way where they rarely interfere in workers performance and allowing them to make decisions. Nevertheless this style implies the absolute hand-off approach, it is in company’s interest to follow the most important aspect as to recruit the highly motivated and skilled employees in order to effectively accomplish given tasks. Another way to describe the management styles is by looking into scientific, classical and relationship approaches. Each of them has a specific ways of developing the leadership and was propounded by the individuals. According to Frederic Taylor in 1900, the scientific management style also known as â€Å"taylorism† if â€Å"individuals were given precisely defined set of tasks† with† clear set of objectives† then â€Å"they would calculate the benefits of improving their output and their productivity would rise† (Maund,p.94). Other principals indicated that to perform each job with the standard methods should be developed. Taylor believed that each trained worker with the sufficient support would determine the best way of performance. The modification on the scientific approach was propounded by Henri Fayol in the 1920s. As such it is popularly known as â€Å"fayolism† or classical management style. Its 5 fundamental principals were described as planning, organising, command, coordinating andShow MoreRelatedLeadership Theory Vs. Leadership1286 Words   |  6 Pagesability to influence the actions of an individual or a group for the achievement of goals in a given situation. â€Å"Leadership is the ability to secure desirable actions from a group of followers voluntarily without the use of coercion.†(Alford and Beatty) Management Vs Leadership According to Stephen Covey â€Å"Leadership focuses on doing the right things, management focuses on doing things right. Leadership make sure that ladders we are climbing are leaning against the right wall, Management make sureRead MoreManagers Should Stick to Leading and Directing. Facilitation Has No Place in Management1561 Words   |  7 Pagesand directin g. 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Management studies have attempted to understand leadership including defining the skills that a leader requires to become successful. EmotionalRead MoreWorking for Electrex Can Be a Challenge1563 Words   |  7 PagesWhen one works in Electrex, he or she will encounter different types of people during their management career. Every employee is different in their own way but what makes them different is their personality. Personality of a person is a combination of feelings, opinions, attitudes, behaviours and activities which when it is combined together, it makes that person special. Working in a big company like Electrex is never easy because of the heavy workload that on es have to handle. In this situationRead More Leadership Style of Men and Women Essays1307 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Style of Men and Women Women do have different leadership styles from men. As Bodyshop founder Anita Roddick says: ‘I run my company according to feminine principles – principles of caring, making intuitive decisions, not getting hung up on hierarchy, having a sense of work as being part of your life, not separate from it; putting your labour where your love is, being responsible to the world in how you use your profits; recognising the bottom line should stay at the bottom’. Read MoreEssay Business Negotiations 1648 Words   |  7 Pagesnegotiations, and personal negotiations are intertwining. Business negotiations can have an influence on personal negotiations and personal negotiation can influence business negotiations. Experiences through business negotiations, even if subconsciously, often determine the outcomes of personal negotiations. One may not realize the importance of business negations in the personal environment; however, the influences may determine the outcome of simple negotiations such as a location for dinner. AdditionallyRead MoreEssay on Leadership1121 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a lot of debate on the differences between leadership and management. In the sports profession there are both leaders and managers. Which positions historically lead and which positions do more managing? With this thought in mind, add your comments to the questions listed below in the discussion section. Feel free to add to existing comments. Leadership and Management Which positions (jobs) in the sports profession do individuals do more leading than managing? Which individualsRead MoreManagement And Leadership Essay example859 Words   |  4 PagesManagement and Leadership Management and leadership, two words that are considered synonymous and are often used in the same context, yet they do not mean the same thing and they describe two different concepts. According to the dictionary, management is 1) The act, manner or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control; 2) The person or persons who control or direct a business or other enterprise; 3) Skill in managing; executive ability; where as leadership is 1) The position or officeRead MoreThe Leadership Of The Nursing1180 Words   |  5 Pageshow the world views patient care. Leadership is defined in many different ways. Most definitions include having â€Å"power, influence, followership, dynamic personality, charisma, goals, autocratic behavior, innovation, cleverness, warmth and kindness† (Curtis, de Vries, Sheerin, 2011, p.1). People with different personalities often have different leadership styles. These styles include servant, transformational, and autocratic. A servant leader is a person creates caring relationships with each individualRead MoreExplain The Features Of Effective Team Performance1623 Words   |  7 Pagesserve the team and the objectives of the organisation. When a team is developing, communication during all phases of the project is a key component, if team members treat their roles as independent ones, then communication suffers. If the team leader does not communicate with the team members the project flow suffers. Team meetings should be held to discuss the progress of the project and team members asked about their successes and their challenges to gauge the level of communication among the team

Hopes and the Loses of the Grapes of Wrath - 553 Words

In John Steinbeck’s novel, ‘The Grapes of Wrath’ he stated that the theme; Hope and Loss of Hope was shown several times throughout the novel. As much lost the Joad family experienced, the family still had to hold tight on hope because it was basically all they did had left since there was neither money nor happiness. The Grapes of Wrath was focused around the Joads, a family going through the Great Depression hardships during the 1930s. Many families had majorly downsized their lifestyles; the way they bought their food, supported themselves, and the fathers had to leave to search for work. When living in Oklahoma; the setting for the novel, The Dust Bowl was a disaster to the crops, which meant it was a decrease in the profits for some individuals, or their only option of food and money was gone. The quotation, â€Å"So you’re lookin for work? What ya think ever’body else is lookin for? Di’amonds?†(Steinbeck 312). didn’t mean for disrespect for anybody but portrayed the anger and frustration of the struggling, starving workers who were fed up being shot down but they still had hope. Steinbeck wanted to show that the selfish ones who were fortunate had the strength and the will power to aid the ones who couldn’t support themselves but they didn’t use their luck for advantage, they just thought about money over others. The quote, â€Å"Well, s’pose them people get together an says ‘Let em rot!’ Wouldn’t be long ‘fore the price went, God!† (Steinbeck 315).Show MoreRelatedThe Grapes of Wrath: The Role of Ma Joad1252 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the roughest times in life, we come across crises that reveal the true character in those around us. Those who are strong are divided from the weak and the followers divide from the leaders. 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Kings were often regarded as the chosen ones over the queens, additionally, in many locations including Greece and early America only male could vote. In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, male characters of the Joad family; Pa, a collapsed leader, Uncle JohnRead More Elusive American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Elusive American Dream in Millers Death of a Salesman and Steinbecks Grapes of Wrath The American dream of success through hard work and of unlimited opportunity in a vast country actually started before America was officially America, before the colonists broke away from England and established an independent country. That dream has endured and flourished for hundreds of years; as a result, American writers naturally turn to it for subject matter, theme, and structure. In examining itsRead MoreGrapes of Wrath Essay633 Words   |  3 PagesGrapes of Wrath 1. The protagonist of this story is Tom Joad. 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Steinbeck s work is influenced byRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And The Sun Also Rises1378 Words   |  6 Pages The Rich and Poor in The Grapes of Wrath and the Sun Also Rises The Grapes of Wrath, written by John Steinbeck, follows the migration of people to California during the Dust Bowl, which took place in the 1930s. The lack of rainfall made it difficult for farmers to grow produce and ultimately put everyone out of work. The Joads are one of the many families that packed up as many belongings as they possibly could and headed West in the search of work. The Sun Also Rises, by Ernest HemingwayRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1397 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican education system, they will, without fail, read at least two books by California writer and possible communist, John Steinbeck. The longer, sadder and more proletarian book, Grapes of Wrath, tells the tale of the great migration of Midwestern farmers traveling to California during the 1930s. Grapes of Wrath was not Steinbeck’s first venture into the tragedies that faced migrant farmers once they reached California- he had previously written Starvation Under the Orange Trees in 1938. SteinbeckRead MoreEssay on Man and Nature in The Grapes of Wrath668 Words   |  3 PagesMan and Nature in The Grapes of Wrath   Ã‚   In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck uses both obvious references and subtle contrasts to emphasize the main theme of the novel: the sanctity of mans relationship to the natural world and to each other.    Machines have no place in this relationship. They act as a barrier between men and the land. They are dangerous because they perform the function of men with greater efficiency, but they lack the spiritual element that makes the land

Operations Management in Business Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: Q.1. Using BMW as an example analyze the contributions of operations management of any two strategic objectives? Q.2. Using BMW as an example analyze the relationship of operations management to two main functions of the organization? Q.3. Using BMW as an example analyze the role and responsibilities of the operations manager? Q.4. Using BMW as an example provide definition of quality in relation to the following terms- Fitness for purpose, Compliance and Value? Q.5. Explain the importance of Quality Management and its effects on Costs, Customer benefits and Productivity? Q.6. Explain one advantage and one disadvantage ISO certification approach to quality? Q.7. Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of Total Quality Management (TQM) approach to quality? Q.8. From Scenario 1, assist Roger produce a Check Sheet for the Drive Inn Motor Lodge to help him record the number of complaints occurring in each category? Q.9. To assist Roger, produce a Pareto chart for the Drive Inn Motor Lodge to help him decide which areas of customer complaints he should prioritize to resolve? Q.10. To assist the management of Norfolk Chance, produce a simple Cause and Effect diagram of the main reasons that are likely to be contributing to the dissatisfaction of their customers in using the companys customer helpline? Answers: 1. The two chosen strategic objectives here are cost and quality. These are very effective in maintaining the market sustainability of BMW. BMW has introduced a great variety of cars in the industry that has catered to the needs of the customers. The various types of cars have been fixed at different costs. They have to compete with giants like Audi, Cadillac, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz and others (Vent et al. 2012). The operations department should look after the labor costs, raw materials cost, transport cost and others. High labor costs mean lower profits and low labor costs mean higher cost. If the companies decide to collaborate with each other, the product innovation costs can also be reduced. BMW operations management should always look to the quality of their products as it brings higher profits and helps to increase the brand image of the company 2. BMW is a leading organization in the car manufacturing industry in the world. They have some strong operations management networks that can help to implement their strategies in reality. Their aim is to become the premium provider of cars to individuals. In order to achieve that, they have enforced quality assurance in their products and their supply chain has to be very apt so they can invent new ideas. The relationship between their departments has to be healthy and smooth as well. There should be a fair communication between the Operations department, Human Resources department, Marketing department and Accounts department. Marketing department helps to research the new product opportunities. They should also look on the competitor intelligence. BMW should fulfill the customer requirements so that new product opportunities can come into picture. The different departments should try to find the gaps in the product opportunities and they should fulfill the gaps with their mutual understanding.management 3. The role of the Operations Manager is crucial in determining the secure future of the organization. BMW has connections with over 13000 suppliers in 70 countries. The operations managers in these countries must develop a smooth communication between them. He also has to look after the daily performances of the employees and evaluate them, motivating them for a better performance (Krajewski, Ritzman and Malhotra 2013). An operations manager has many responsibilities and the most important is to ensure the fact is that product services should reach the customers within the given time with cost-effectiveness. He should fulfill his roles and if anything goes wrong during the process, he should find out the reasons which are his responsibilities. 4. Fitness for Purpose means that whenever any company makes designs some products for the use of the customers, that product should be in a state in which it can be called fit for using in the purpose it was built (Magnusson 2014). Likewise BMW, has produced various models of cars from Sedans to BMW X5, Z4 all have designed for the car users and it has given the car owners complete pleasure. Compliance means adhering to the regulations and requirements of the customers and the legal authorities (Gass and Seiter 2015). BMW has always designed cars to cater to the needs of the customers and they have not broken any legal boundaries. Here, Value indicates the worth of quality the organization possesses and to which extent customers can rely on the product. BMW has always given good quality products to their customers that have helped them to increase their market value and reputation. 5. QualityManagement is one of the most important parameters that help one business to thrive in the competitive market (Goetsch and Davis 2014). The chief goal; of QualityManagement is to deliver high quality superior products to the customers. The costs of the products should always be set at an affordable rate so that all customers can use the product. Thus, the product can reach to the entire society. The productivity of the company must always deliver to its fullest extent and the needs of the customers should be met in order to maintain a good reputation (Oswald, Proto and Sgroi 2015). 6. An ISO certified object or product means that the product is safe for the customers and healthy as well (Boiral 2012). One advantage or benefit of ISO certification to quality is that it protects the health of the planet and the people. One disadvantage of the same is that there are many small companies who have a very limited funding available so it is a very difficult for them to adopt the ISO certification approach to quality. 7. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a very important tool for ensuring the quality of the manufactured products of a company (Zehir et al. 2012). Likewise ISO, TQM also has some advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of TQM is that it always ensures better quality products in every work and activity all over the world. One disadvantage of TQM is that it reduces the productivity of the company in the early stages. The reason is implementing TQM needs a good training of the employees and this training period takes a lot of time in their everyday work. 8.Drive Inn Motor Lodge, Taupo Reasons January February March April Total Arrival/ Departure 1 2 2 4 9 Cleanliness Hygiene 0 0 1 1 4 Amenities 0 1 0 2 3 Friendliness of Staff 2 0 2 5 9 This is the Check Sheet report that Roger Kemp can prepare for his lodge regarding the increasing online complaints he is receiving. 9. This is the Pareto Chart that can be designed to help Roger to decide that he should focus on Overpriced section to prioritize to resolve. He should try to cut down the price to hold his market. 10. Cause Effect The callers may be in need of urgent remedy from the other side. The rings go on but there are no answers from the opposite side. The callers would be satisfied. The call was answered within two rings. The customers get irritated and frustrated. They do not call for weeks. References Boiral, O., 2012. ISO certificates as organizational degrees? Beyond the rational myths of the certification process.Organization Studies,33(5-6), pp.633-654. Gass, R.H. and Seiter, J.S., 2015.Persuasion: Social influence and compliance gaining. Routledge. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L.P. and Malhotra, M.K., 2013.Operations management: Processes and supply chains(Vol. 1). New York: Pearson. Magnusson, B., 2014.The fitness for purpose of analytical methods: A laboratory guide to method validation and related topics (2014). Eurachem. Oswald, A.J., Proto, E. and Sgroi, D., 2015. Happiness and productivity.Journal of Labor Economics,33(4), pp.789-822. Vent, G., Enderle, C., Merdes, N., Kreitmann, F. and Weller, R., 2012. The new 2.0 l turbo engine from the Mercedes-Benz 4-cylinder engine family. In21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology. Zehir, C., Ertosun, .G., Zehir, S. and Mceldilli, B., 2012. Total quality management practices effects on quality performance and innovative performance.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,41, pp.273-280.

Penguins2 Essays - Flightless Birds, Penguins, Adlie Penguin

Penguins2 The penguin (Sphenisciformes) has been a fascination to numerous people including scientists and researchers alike. They have distinctive characteristics and an interesting classification system. Their eating habits, unique way of breeding and predators are just a way of everyday life that fascinates scientists and researchers. The species status still remains in danger and can hopefully be helped. This unusual bird stands on short legs and walks with a clumsy waddle. These birds cannot fly which is how they got to be called Penguins, which means flightless. All species of penguins have short-bodies and necks. They also all have short thick feathers, which form a kind of waterproof coat. Most penguins feathers have feathers that are just white on the stomach and are black and blue on the back. Some have patches of brightly colored feathers on their necks. Theses birds keep warm from the harsh Antarctic conditions by thick layers of fat on their bodies. Their wings developed into flippers, which serve as paddles to help propel them in the water. They also have webbed feet which when combined with the flippers make them excellent swimmers and divers. The species are divided into four groups for easy identification. The groups are as follows, I. Large, with orange or yellow patches on the sides of the upper neck (Species 1-2). II. Medium-sized, crested with orange or yellow lines on each side of the crown above the eyes (Species 3-8). III. Medium-sized, with no crest or yellow colour on the head, but usually with stripes of white or black on the head or breast (Species 9-14). IV. Small, with out crest or yellow colouring on heads (Species 15-17) (Alexander 148). An example of each is as follows: Group I, the Emperor penguin. Group II, the Royal penguin. Group III, Adelie penguin and Group IV, the Whit-filppered penguin. The Emperor penguin is the largest penguin with the most southern range. The top of the head, chin, cheeks and throat are black, with a broad orange semicircle patch on each side of the upper neck. They have a long bill, which curves down, and a short tail composed of 20 feathers. The Royal penguins neck, chin, and throat are white. They have a broad orange band across the forehead and a short tail consisting of 14 feathers. The main difference of this type of penguin as with the others is having white on the chest and throat. In group III, the Adelie penguin has a black throat, head, and cheeks. Their eyelids and under parts are white. They have a short bill and a very long tail consisting of 14 feathers. This type of penguin walks very slowly with a waddle. When on snow or ice, it travels on its breast using its flippers and feet for motion. In group IV, the White-flippered penguin, as inferred by its name is all white except for a light greyish-blue on its under parts. While their may be many different physically looking types of penguins, they all have similar eating and breeding habits. All penguins eat fish. For example, the Emperor penguin has short wings which enables them not to fly, but are used for fast and quick underwater motion. They can dive from up to 250 meters, which makes them the deepest divers of the penguin species. Most penguins eat krill and surface fish, but this enables them to eat other types. Even though most penguins live in southern areas where they have short summers and their food is limited by sea ice and krill is their only source of food. Even though penguins spend much of their life in the water, they lay eggs and raise their young on land. For the later purpose they come ashore on islands on desolate coasts and hop, run, waddle or scramble over rocks, and even up hillsides to their breeding grounds or rookeries (Alexander 147). All four species have a different type of breeding process. For example, the Emperor and Adelie penguin have similar, yet different types of breeding behavior. The Emperor females lay only in egg in June and then they get up to leave for the sea. It is then up to the males to do the rest. They pick up the

Acropolis essays

Acropolis essays The acropolis is one of Greeces most monumental pieces that still stand today. Erected as a place of worship, the area towers over the city of Athens as a dedication the God Athena. In the age of the 5th century BC, the city of Greece, had emerged the victor of war. To the victor, comes the spoils, and rewarded they were. They had been rewarded with a greater sense of self-pride, and this opened their eyes to discovering themselves to a greater extent. Greece and its people had grown in confidence, patriotism, religion and culture, and through the method of architecture, wanted to share and show their new take to life. This time of the Greeks gave birth to the creation of the Acropolis complex, which is part of the ancient wonders of the world. In this time of post victory, the Greeks wanted to show the world and remind themselves of their ever-great country. The orders of Doric, and Ionic architecture have been used extensively in this shrine. This is because the style of classical architecture that included ionic and doric designs, is something that the Athenians thought were unique to them. These Doric and Ionic traits included things such as their column styles, pediment pieces, and walls decorations such as friezes or metopes as the Greeks called it. The aim of the Parthenon and the whole acropolis complex, is to be very Greek, very Athenian, with no outside influences, it would truly represent the pride of the country. Such a grand and huge scale project would convey the very values of the Greek people clearly such as religion and of course architecture. Like Gothic architecture to the French, it would leave a signature of Greek style architecture embedded into it, their classical architecture. This way, the acropoli s will always be remembered to be unmistakably of Greek origin. Unfortunately for the Greeks, the Romans also adopted their architecture and may cloud the judgement of the viewer about the origins of the acr...

Women in Space - Female Astronauts and Cosmonauts

Women in Space - Female Astronauts and Cosmonauts 1959 - Jerrie Cobb selected for testing for the Mercury astronaut training program. 1962 - Though Jerrie Cobb and 12 other women (the Mercury 13) passed astronaut admission tests, NASA decides not to select any women. Congressional hearings include testimony by Cobb and others, including Senator Philip Hart, husband of one of the Mercury 13. 1962 - The Soviet Union recruited five women to become cosmonauts. 1963 - June - Valentina Tereshkova, cosmonaut from the USSR, becomes the first woman in space. She flew Vostok 6, orbiting the earth 48 times, and was in space nearly three day. 1978 - Six women chosen as astronaut candidates by NASA: Rhea Seddon, Kathryn Sullivan, Judith Resnik, Sally Ride, Anna Fisher and Shannon Lucid.   Lucid, already a mother, is questioned about the effect of her work on her children. 1982 -  Svetlana Savitskaya,  USSR  cosmonaut, becomes the second woman in space, flying aboard the Soyuz T-7. 1983 - June - Sally Ride, American astronaut, becomes the first American woman in space, the third woman in space. She was a member of the crew on STS-7, space shuttle  Challenger. 1984 - July - Svetlana Savitskaya, USSR cosmonaut, becomes first woman to walk in space and the first woman to fly in space two times. 1984 - August - Judith Resnik becomes the first Jewish American in space. 1984 - October - Kathryn Sullivan, American astronaut, becomes first American woman to walk in space. 1984 - August - Anna Fisher becomes the first person to retrieve a malfunctioning satellite, using the orbiter remote manipulator arm. She was also the first human mother to travel in space. 1985 - October - Bonnie J. Dunbar made her first of five flights on a space shuttle. She flew again in 1990, 1992, 1995 and 1998. 1985 - November - Mary L. Cleave made her first flight of two into space (the other was in 1989). 1986 - January - Judith Resnik and Christa McAuliffe were the women among the crew of seven to die on the space shuttle Challenger when it exploded.   Christa McAuliffe, a schoolteacher, was the first non-government civilian to fly on the space shuttle. 1989: October - Ellen S. Baker flew on STS-34, her first flight. She also flew on STS-50 in 1992 and STS-71 in 1995. 1990 - January - Marsha Ivins makes her first of five space shuttle flights. 1991 - April - Linda M. Godwin makes her first of four flights on the space shuttle. 1991 - May - Helen Sharman became the first British citizen to walk in space and the second woman aboard a space station (Mir). 1991 - June - Tamara Jernigan makes her first of five flights in space.   Millie Hughes-Fulford becomes the first female payload specialist. 1992 - January - Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space, flying on U.S. space shuttle mission STS-42. 1992 - May - Kathryn Thornton, the second woman to walk in space, was also the first woman to make multiple walks in space (May 1992, and twice in 1993). 1992 - June/July - Bonnie Dunbar and Ellen Baker are among the first American crew to dock with the Russian space station. 1992 - September STS-47 - Mae Jemison becomes first African American woman in space.   Jan Davis, on her first flight, with her husband, Mark Lee, become the first married couple to flly in space together. 1993 - January  - Susan J. Helms flew on the first of her five space shuttle missions. 1993 - April - Ellen Ochoa becomes first Hispanic American woman in space. She flew three more missions. 1993 - June - Janice E. Voss flew her first of five missions.   Nancy J. Currie flew her first of four missions. 1994 - July - Chiaki Mukai becomes the first Japanese woman in space, on U.S. space shuttle mission STS-65. She flew again in 1998 on STS-95. 1994 - October - Yelena Kondakova flew her first of two missions to the Mir Space Station. 1995 - February - Eileen Collins becomes the  first woman to pilot a space shuttle. She flew three more missions, in 1997, 1999 and 2005. 1995 - March - Wendy Lawrence  flew the first of four missions on the space shuttle. 1995  - July - Mary Weber flew the first of two space shuttle missions. 1995  - October - Cahterine Coleman flew her first of three missions, two on the U.S. space shuttle and, in 2010, one on Soyuz. 1996 - March - Linda M. Godwin becomes the fourth woman to walk in space, making another walk later in 2001. 1996 - August - Claudie Haignerà © Claudie Haignerà ©the first French woman in space. She flew two missions on Soyuz, the second in 2001. 1996 - September - Shannon Lucid returns from her six months on Mir, the Russian space station, with a record for the time in space for women and for Americans she is also the first woman to be awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honor. She was the first American woman to fly on a space station. She was the first woman to make three, four and five space flights. 1997 - April - Susan Still Kilrain became the second female shuttle pilot.   She also flew in July 1997. 1997 - May -  Yelena Kondakova becomes  the first Russian woman to travel on the U.S. space shuttle. 1997 - November - Kalpana Chawla becomes the first Indian American woman in space. 1998 - April - Kathryn P. Hire flew her first of two missions. 1998 - May - Nearly 2/3 of the flight control team for STS-95 were women, including the launch commentator, Lisa Malone, the ascent commentator, Eileen Hawley, the flight directory, Linda Harm, and the communicator between crew and mission control, Susan Still. 1998 - December - Nancy Currie completes the first task in assembling the International Space Station. 1999 - May - Tamara Jernigan, on her fifth space flight, becomes the fifth woman to walk in space. 1999 - July - Eileen Collins becomes the first woman to command a space shuttle. 2001 - March - Susan J. Helms becomes the sixth woman to walk in space. 2003 - January - Kalpana Chawla and Laurel B. Clark die among the crew in the Columbia disaster aboard STS-107.   It was Clarks first mission. 2006 - September - Anousheh Ansara, on board for a Soyuz mission, becomes the first Iranian in space and the first female space tourist. 2007 - When Tracy Caldwell Dyson flies her first US space shuttle mission in August, she becomes the first astronaut in space who was born after the Apollo 11 flight.   She flew in 2010 on the Soyuz, becoming the 11th woman to walk in space. 2008 - Yi So-yeon becomes the first Korean in space. 2012 - Chinas first female astronaut, Liu Yang, flies in space.   Wang Yaping becomes the second the following year. 2014 - Valentina Tereshkova, the first woman in space, carried an Olympic flag in the Winter Olympics. 2014  -   Yelena Serova becomes the first woman cosmonaut to visit the International Space Station. Samantha Cristoforetti becomes the first Italian woman in space and the first Italian woman on the International Space Station. This timeline  © Jone Johnson Lewis.

Ethical Issue. Organ donation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ethical Issue. Organ donation - Term Paper Example Often, brain dead individuals who are still breathing and whose hearts have not yet stopped beating are deemed as dead and their organs are retrieved with the consent of their closest relatives. The question here is – how can a person be defined as dead? And whether relatives who are grieving the death of a loved one be allowed to go through the harassing and mentally painful proceedings of donating the organs of their loved one while he/she is still at the death bed? Even more remorseful is the situation wherein the organs of a dead individual are removed prior to sending the body to his/her home for a funeral. Most countries around the world have laws that presume that an individual is ready to donate organs upon death, unless he/she registers against donation, beforehand. This law is in force in many European and Asian countries such as Spain and Singapore, due to which the rates of organ donation are very high in these countries (Abouna 56). In case of living individuals, there are other causes of concern. It is often seen that family members coerce a healthy individual, whose organ matches that of a needy relative, into donating an organ against his/her wish. Although most countries have banned forced organ donation and coercion, familial pressure and emotional blackmail lead most individuals into doing so, reluctantly. In another scenario, economically backward individuals sell their organs for money. This brings forth another cause of concern as rich individuals in need of organs can easily exploit the poor. Organ donation is thus a huge problem and the issues are not just ethical but also economical, political and social. Donation by living persons falls in three categories – Directed donation to a relative, Directed donation to a stranger and Non-directed donation in which an organ is donated to a general pool and transplanted to a needy individual on top of the waiting list (Truog 444). Each of these donations has its own

Analyse performance management and performance appraisal in primark Essay

Analyse performance management and performance appraisal in primark london - Essay Example ns attributed to proper performance management but these broadly fall into direct financial gains, motivated workforce goals and improved management control (Daniels, 2006). When the sphere of organisational development (OD) is considered, performance can be seen as actual results achieved against the desired results wanted. In case that there are any differences between these, there is the possibility of performance improvement. Both performance management and improvement can be taken as a cycle where: The focus of this text will be to analyse the performance appraisal system and practices of an actual organisation. In order to deal with the issue better the performance appraisal system is outlined below against which the current review will take place. The typical performance appraisal is a developed method through which the job performance of an employee can be assessed for issues such as cost, quality, time, quantity etc. through an evaluation by the corresponding manager or supervisor (Patterson, 1987). This process is essential to guiding and managing the career development of employees whereby the employee’s worth to the organisation is obtained, analysed and recorded. Overall the performance appraisal process documents an employee’s personal strengths and weaknesses, their recent success and failures as well as their suitability for further promotion or training as applicable. The performance appraisal process also accounts for issues other than productivity alone in trying to assess an employee. The most common aims of a performance appraisal are: Engro derived itself from Exxon Mobil’s fertilizer venture that went online in 1966 in Daharki, Pakistan. After Exxon’s exit from the business in 1991 the company became the country’s first successful employee led buyout. Since then the company has kept on expanding from the fertiliser business into the food business, the industrial automation market, chemical storage jetties and the like. The

Race and the Sociological Imagination Essay Example for Free

Race and the Sociological Imagination Essay For generations African Americans have been disadvantaged in America and effects of these injustices have made a lasting impression. Education is one of the leading problems in the black community. Though there have many reforms in education over the years, racial injustices still exist because no attention in placed on how legislature affects people of color. I was raised in a middle-class family of educators. My entire life I’ve been told to â€Å"stay in school, get an education, and work hard so that you can beat the system. † Recognizing the structural forces in my life has helped me understand my place in society. Being able to â€Å"understand everyday life, not through personal circumstances but through the broader historical forces that structure and direct it† (Desmond and Emirbayer 43) has really had an impact on me. My father was born in 1968, the year we consider then end of the civil rights movement. He went to Luscher Elementary during the 70s and at that time the school was integrated. He had mostly White teachers and schoolmates. He received a quality education because of the resources given to whites were now available to blacks. He chose to attend St. Augustine High school. The Archdiocese of New Orleans constructed St. Augustine High School with funds solicited from Catholics of the Archdiocese through the Youth Progress Program. The Archdiocese of New Orleans placed the school under the patronage of St. Augustine of Hippo, a preeminent Christian and scholar of Africa, and a Father of the Church. This was appropriate since from its inception the school was designated for the education of young men from Black Catholic families of New Orleans. St. Augustine High School led the way in battling segregation in New Orleans. The successful legal challenges mounted by the school resulted in the de-segregation of the high school athletics in the state of Louisiana. The famed Marching 100 was the first African-American high school band to march in the Rex parade on Mardi Gras Day. My grandfather and father attended St. Augustine High School and through the education they received along with athletic scholarships and financial aide they both went on to attend Loyola University. My position in society was shaped by my economic position, which was an effect of my grandfather and father’s educations. My grandfather was able to attend college but this was not true for his parents. Depending upon a persons situation social welfare programs can either enforce progression or plateau disadvantages. I was able to attend Isidore Newman School and I lived in an integrated neighborhood where resources such as schools, hospitals, parks and grocery stores were better than those in other parts of New Orleans. My integrated neighborhood provided me with a good education. Blacks in poor neighborhoods are inhibited from achieving the same education as whites because of zoning legislation, transportation and lack of funds. My family was able to establish themselves financially because of social welfare programs such as war bonds, Pell grants, and the integration of schools. My grandfather was able to own their own home and provide for our family. He had a career as a school administrator they paid well. He provided opportunities for his children to attend college and for his wife. Desmond and Emirbayer argue that , â€Å"If we hope to drive racial domination from the gates of our schools we must continue the work of confronting whiteness in the curriculum† (346). I understand that as finding ways to end institutional racism and raising awareness of ideologies that will end prejudices. Until I attended Loyola I had a naive impression of racial awareness. Personally, I believe education is the key to combating racism. We must education our peers on our cultures. We must explain that â€Å"colorblindness† in society is not what’s best. Only by embracing and recognizing each other differences we will be able to break the social bubbles we live in. I’ve gained a stronger sense of racial awareness through this course. I have the ability to challenge and change other people’s ideologies and understand my own. I know because of my social position have scholarships, financial aide and the values of hard work and education instilled in me by my parents and grandparents. I’m also aware that many people are not able to gain that same access. Because of my racial awareness there is so much more I want to find out about the contributing factors that led to my family’s social position in New Orleans. It is through my racial awareness I plan to beat the system.

sir gawain :: essays research papers

In Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the Pardoners Prologue, we see the theme of hypocrisy throughout the play. The pardoner knows he is a con artist and liar and freely admits it in both word and action in his tales prologue. The pardoner begins with the tale itself. In his sermon he describes gluttony in detail, and defines it as not only overeating, but the intense pleasure of doing it. He also denounces wine with examples of drunkenness. He also discusses swearing and cursing and concludes with condemning gambling.However, we can see hypocrisy be4 the tale even begin.The pardoner before telling his tale stops off at an inn for food &bear .He also partakes in a bet , whoever tells the best story wins. The pardoner also insults the host, who just before asking the pardoner to speak has been cursing and using bear to mend his broken heart. Furthermore, he is also the owner of the tavern which encourages eating &drinking. We can also assume that the pardoner and the host r drunk.In addition, the pardoner offers his lisnters a chance to redeem themselves, not through relics by acknowledging what they did wrong.However,at the end of his tale is saying his relics are needed for redemption eventhough he knows they are fake. In conclusion we see how through the pardoner the theme of hypocrisy. IN THE PLAY KING LEAR written by William Shakespeare a collection of images are used to express certain points. One reoccurring image was animals.Shakespeare portrays these animals when King Lear and many other characters in the play talk about Goneril and Regan. They are compared to tigers , serpents , and even monsters.These reoccurring images have an important idea behind them.When Lear leaves Goneril at the end of ActI , after she has sneered at him, he compares her to a â€Å"sea-monster†. He also comments on his daughters ingratitude using animal imagery when he said â€Å"How sharper then a serpents tooth it is to have a thankless child† (act15295-296). Lear is showing how he feels about how his daughters are treating him by comparing them to animals.Furthermore,after Lear has an argument with Regan,he uses animal imagery to show how his daughter r sinking to be like animals.They show this when both daughters lock him out into a stormy night.In conclusion, Shakes peare is showing that the sisters are sinking from the level of man to animals.

Common Information Security Threats Essay

The internet is approximately 40 years old and is continuing to grow at a rapid pace. This rapid growth and use of the internet for practically everything you can do in life has also cause a major increase in threats. Cyber-criminals are often breaking into security on many major websites and making the news. Information Security is turning into an important part in protect a business’s information. Amazon.com website went online in 1995 (Byers, 2006). Amazon offers there services and products through the website Amazon.com to many countries around the world, which includes: United States, Canada, France, Spain, Japan, Italy, Germany, United Kingdom, and China (Amazon, 2012). Amazon has been around for approximately 17 years and continuous to be a successful business. One of the reason for this is because Amazon investing time in Information Security. Amazon has a massive amount of information on servers around the globe contain sensitive information, not only information for Amazon but also for Amazon’s customers. Some examples of the information Amazon maintains on the servers they own: product information, warehouse information, call center information, customer service information, service information, customer account information, bank information, cloud computing information, digital media download information, and reviews of customers for product information (Amazon, 2012). There will always be some kind of the potential risks to the information maintained by any business or person because new vulnerabilities are found every day. Just recently, on August 7, 2012, a wired magazine reporter’s information stored on his Google account, Twitter account, MacBook, iPad, and iPhone where erased without the user wanting this done. A hacker that goes by the name of Phobia comprised the reporters Amazon account with a security exploit. The security exploit allowed Phobia to access the reporter’s Amazon account by calling and resetting the passwords over the phone with the reporters co mpromised AppleCare ID and Amazon ID (Kerr, 2012). Amazon responded with the following, â€Å"We have investigated the reported exploit, and can confirm the exploit has been closed as of yesterday afternoon (Kerr, 2012).† Another major breach in security for Amazon occurred on the Zappos.com, which Amazon also owns. 24  million accounts where compromised, which included the following account information: names, shipping addresses, billing addresses, phone numbers, and email addresses (Vilches, 2012). Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh wrote in an email that the hackers gained access to the internal network of Zappos allowing the hacker’s access to the server that was in Kentucky. On October 28, 2011 a researcher uncovered a massive security flaw in the Amazon Cloud service that is provided by Amazon (Hickey, 2011). A team of German researchers found a way that hackers would be able to access user accounts and data. The methods of attack the security researchers found that the Amazon Cloud service was vulnerable to where signature wrapping and cross site scripting. XML signature wrapping attacks were developed that could completely take over a user account with administrator permissions for the Amazon Cloud accounts. The AWS interface could also be manipulated to run an executable code and create cross-site scripting attacks. The researchers said that they had access to all the customer data, including authentication data, tokens, and passwords (Hickey, 2011). There are many other vulnerabilities for Amazon that may exist but are not known. Intruders (hackers) are a major threat for Amazon as proven from the previously listed examples. When the attack is done by a small group or just one person the threat will fall into the unstructured category (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). Threats caused by attacks by hackers that are in a criminal group are known to fall into the structured category (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). Physical security is important to remember because if a hacker can get into the internal network and infrastructure, it can be much easier to gain unauthorized access to the network. Information Security risk analysis is used to access the vulnerabilities, threats, and how to set controls for an organization (Whitman, 2011). List of what can be vulnerable: Web Servers, Computer Servers, Routers, Client, Databases, Firewalls, Software, Power, and Transmission. List of threats: Denial of Service Attacks, Spoofing and Masquerading, Malicious Code/Virus, Human Errors, Insider Attacks, Intrusion, Spamming, and Physical Damage to Hardware. List of costs: Trade Secrets, Client Secrets, Trust, Lost Sales, Clean up Costs, Information, Hardware, Software, Services, and Communication. List of controls to be used: Firewalls, IDS, Single Sign-on, DMZ, Security policy, Employee  Training, Configuration of Architecture, and Hardening of Environment. All of these lists can be put into a chart to help form a risk analysis and setup controls to be used for Amazon (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). The legal, ethical, and regulatory requirements for protecting data need to be thought about when it comes to Information Security. Statutory laws, administrative laws, and common laws currently exist and are involved in computer security. New cyber laws are being defined by the courts, but none of these laws have been used yet (Conklin, White, Williams, Davis, & Cothren, 2012). In 1986, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) was established to make it a crime to access computer systems when not authorized. Amazon has been around for 17 years and has a good track record for catching security risks and patching them quickly. With the internet continuing to grow at such a rapid pace, Amazon and everyone wanting to maintain their data integrity needs to tight down on their Information Security protocols. Information Security is turning into an important part in protect a business’s information. References Amazon. (2012). Amazon. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com Byers, A. (2006). Jeff Bezos: the founder of Amazon.com. New York, NY: The Rosen Publishing Group. Conklin, A., White, G., Williams, D., Davis, R., & Cothren, C. (2012). Principles of Computer Security: CompTIA Security+ and Beyond (Exam SY0-301) (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Company. Hickey, A. R. (2011, October 28). Researchers Uncover ‘Massive Security Flaws’ In Amazon Cloud. Retrieved from http://www.crn.com/news/cloud/23190911/researchers-unconver-massive-security-flaws-in-amazon-cloud.htm Kerr, D. (2012, August 7). Amazon addresses security exploit after journalist hack. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57488759-83/amazon-addresses-security-exploit-after-journalist-hack/ Vilches, J. (2012, January 16). Amazon owned Zappos hacked. Retrieved from http://www.techspot.com/news/47060-amazon-owned-zappos-hacked-24-million-accounts-compromised.html Whitman, M. E. (2011). Readings and Cases in Information Security: Law and Ethics. New York, NY: Cengage Learning.

Carbon footprint

Simply operating a business solely on the objective of earning a profit can potentially come back to bite you in the end. There are true cost and risk associated with the way we do business. Some companies operate with the mindset they can do whatever they want right now. â€Å"I'll be gone† or â€Å"You'll be gone† when the bill comes due (Friedman, 2009). In respect to our future generation that effect Is going to be global climate change. We will begin to see increased health risks, decline in fresh water, rising sea levels, displaced people. Companies will see effects related to agriculture, tourism, and Insurance related costs.The potential outcome of global climate change can be compared to the collapse of GIG. Alga failed because they discounted to zero the very small, remote risk of simultaneous defaults in their investment or insurance portfolios (Friedman, 2009). The risk in fact was probably less than one percent, perhaps a great deal less – but it hap pened nonetheless (Friedman, 2009). In this case Alga had the benefit of being bailed out by the government. Our planet is not so lucky and will have to be offset by he way this generation and future generations conduct business.One way In which a business can strive to become more green is by setting a goal to become carbon neutral by a specified date. This could be added to their Nilsson statement and be clearly defined, measurable, and executable (Adulators, 2011). Evaluation of their strategic planning process is also necessary. In a rapidly changing environment the steps of the planning process can be going on simultaneously. For example the cost and risk of developing a new product have to be evaluated ecologically, competitively, economically, socially, politically, and legally.A company in the pursuit of more sustainable products can help benefit the environment and the companies bottom-line. McDonald's in an attempt to address waste management switched to a new wrapper that was less bulky, cheaper, required less energy to produce, and discharged less pollution (Adulators, 2011). This strategy helped reduce waste and pollution while simultaneously lowering McDonald's production costs (Adulators, 2011). Some companies are already operating in a lean state, but are still leaving a carbon ND employee car-pooling can be promoted throughout the organization.Also companies can reduce their footprint by purchasing carbon offsets. These can be geared toward reforestation, methane digester, or wind farms for example. The fact of the matter is that a change needs to begin now. The consequences of taking no action are fare too great. We can take a page out of Denmark book. They made it a priority in 1985 to focus on energy efficiencies and renewable energy. Sixteen percent of their total energy consumption comes from wind and solar, this reared a whole new export industry (Friedman, 2009).Today Denmark does not rely at all on energy from the Middle East. A world off sustainable environment is a world of freedom. If climate change and environmental degradation ever get the better of our planet we will have to ration where we live, how we live, and how much we can use (Friedman, 2009). Now is the time to start reducing our carbon footprint. Astronomical Adulators, R (2011). Green Marketing Management. Mason: South-Western Coinage Learning. Friedman, T, L (2009). Hot, Flat, and Crowded. New York: Picador

Challenging the Role of Religion Essays

Challenging the Role of Religion Essays Challenging the Role of Religion Essay Challenging the Role of Religion Essay An Abstract Conception: Challenging the Role of Religion Imagine working with your very best of friends, doing the things that you each truly care about, with no limitations, under no one elses contract or constitution, living happily and productively with others that share your same dreams for humanity. What would you do with that power? Who would you be? Vemma Nutrition does Just this. It offers college students an ideal and opportunity to kick-start their success and obtain the financial security that many never set their sights upon. CEO and founder, BK Boryeko says, Nemma is transforming lives through ultra-premium products, a trong, charitable commitment and a generous compensation plan. It can help you become healthier and happier. If you have a heart for helping people, it may Just be the right opportunity for you. Verve offers each person a family The attainability, social connections, and radical approach combined with the power to create a lasting impact on the world. By interviewing and discussing the hope that Club Verve instills in students at Michigan State, I was able to research and analyze the change that it is currently bringing to the mindset of those impacted. Jake Stap, President of Club Verve on campus, says, l came into school as a freshman to be a doctor in hopes to help people. When I took an enormous chance to Other companies may have a similar plan to sell their product, but Vemmas healthy energy drink, Verve, embodies the very heart of the Exhale. Back to Earth. Reality as we know it. Solid. Familiar. Forecasted. Recorded, trusted, always returning to baseline. Though it is not a perfect world, it gives and takes as we do the same, to maintain our envisioned picture of happiness. Our generation is wakening up. We are wakening up our parents and our friends, our professors and our preachers. In this case, the very action of planting this truth is powerful enough to manifest itself with or without further cultivation in the minds of those that also seek the same ends means. Reality as an illusion, as Freud discusses, encourages audiences to question everything and anything that you believe and have been taught to believe. Do not simplyonly Our unyielding attempt to establish order, in an uncontrollable dimension, is recorded and repeated with painstaking dedication, throughout the history of man. This ultimate search has rooted us secularized civilizations, due to preconceived notions that have been imply passed down to generations. Club Verve at Michigan State University, takes a radical and revolutionary approach to supply the means (money) to attain the end (success and liberation from financial burdens) product, in an outdated, and corrupt world. Members of the club on campus provided my study with the means (interviews, social media, etc. ) to collect research, accurately comparing Verve to religion through social media by attaining quantifiable incentives to trade for an excess of material possessions. The ability to free oneself from the common radition, a sort of liberal enlightenment, seems likely to be the most suitable basis for such a business mans success (Weber, ##). For generations, it seems as if we have been in this plateau of progression- a stand still, stalling the advancement of our enlightenment. Vemma Nutrition and Verve utilize social networking and network marketing combine marketing and communicating in an evolutionary way, making business transactions faster than ever before. Why have we remained so closed off to changing the inputs of our existence by simply manipulating the derivative of our current equation? What is holding us back from this desperately eeded shift in cognition? News channels remove our focus from the fate of humanity to menial happenings and for society to question and actively combat the environments inevitable destruction. Our outrageous, radical, critiqued ADHD generation is now beginning to contribute to society. Young entrepreneurs, innovators, and revolutionary gurus are in fact turning heads and shattering attempts to continue abiding by the old ways of thinking. With an innumerable amount of uncensored information at the tips of our fingers, our generation has not only graduated from the repetitive and rigid education system set in place. As we enture out of our of quantitative, standardized test bubbles and into reality, we are anxious to change what we have seen fail for years. Heres the difference. We are in indeed a generation in pursuit of instant gratification. Why has business been so successful among coklege students? What makes it so powerful? What does it have in common with religion in the first place? Like Freud says, religion allows humanity to attain a sense of control and understanding of that which can never truly be known, easing our fear of the unknown. There is simply no room for the luxury of time to take its course in such a fast paced and plugged in society. The pressure is either going to make you or break, so in the meantime, I have come to conclude that Verve is tool/self-dependent experiencing with reality that can bring the means of living happily into reality by posititely encouraging the you, with an ideal that sounds far to easy to do. the Illusion and psychological wish- discussed by both Freud and Durkheim, the solid in comparison to the definitions and opinions of what religious scholars have theorized to be true. Scholars definitions and perceptions of the religion acts as the blueprint from which our entire expectations of life evolve. Max Weber Club Verve, provides an ideal, family like community, with a mentor to guarantee your success as a distributor. By searching #YPR on Twiter, the impact is undeniable Stephanie Nelson encourages that, by taking better care of yourself, you are waking up a little, and the entire universe benefits more so from one fully awakened soul than that lost by the deadweight the of the 10 for every one leader. Imagine working with your very best of friends, doing the things that you each truly care about, with no limitations, under no one elses contract or constitution, in a symbiotic bubble located near the Southwestern Islands of Utopia. An excruciating flash suddenly draws you away as evil possesses you like a storm building over the sea, waiting to erupt violently. As you are sucked away from this harmonious paradise and thrust into a literal hell, you are suffocating eternally with absolutely no hope or will to exist. Exhale. Back to Earth. Reality as we know it. Solid. Familiar. Forecasted. Recorded, Tweeted, quantifiable. Ahhh, it isnt a perfect world, but its comfortable, controlled, safe. AND UNCHANGING. Why were we reading about breaking edge solar energy technology in elementary school in Current Events Weekly but we all grown and ecome functionaing and contributing members of our society, but are yet to see these crucial technologies manifest in our current existence? Why are we blasted with the same world news over and over again. Our generation is wakening up. We are wakening up our parents and our friends, our professors and our preachers. We have been navigating through cyber space with very undetected knowledge since the days of broadband. Whereas the past generation was bewildered at the cutting edge car phones and brick phones, myself and my peers are annoyed if our friends dont have an iPhone 4 to charge their 5. Clean, crisp, absolute, and certain, we all want to be in the know and aware of ourselves. Who doesnt want to be liked by everyone else? The idea of the unknown and the uncontrollable is perhaps the biggest weakness that has plagued humanity time and time again, to no avail (in my opinion). Something that is unknown to us is uncomfortable, because it is new. Change is difficult for slower moving people to keep up with, these people are often the ones that identify with Eisteins favorite quote of mine, This is my religious study of the dream to exist on this level once again, Just allow yourself to consider the idea of a ociety actually free from without crumbling and indebted leaders, , and its far-fetched Representing only yourself, and those that strive to attain the wisdom of an extremely aged sou, yet subconsciously attached to the mind of all of humanity, working for the well-being of everyone. Impossible to actually occur in the world we live in, if you have even heard a whisper of the worlds current happenings. and answering to those that you actually care to help, desire to help for the well-being of the universe instead of oneself. Seeing the world only as you choose to see it

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval

Example of Two Sample T Test and Confidence Interval Sometimes in statistics, it is helpful to see worked out examples of problems.   These examples can help us in figuring out similar problems.   In this article, we will walk through the process of conducting inferential statistics for a result concerning two population means. Not only will we see how to conduct a hypothesis test about the difference of two population means, we will also construct a confidence interval for this difference.   The methods that we use are sometimes called a two sample t test and a two sample t confidence interval. The Statement of the Problem Suppose we wish to test the mathematical aptitude of grade school children.   One question that we may have is if higher grade levels have higher mean test scores. A simple random sample of 27 third graders is given a math test, their answers are scored, and the results are found to have a mean score of 75 points with a sample standard deviation of 3 points. A simple random sample of 20 fifth graders is given the same math test and their answers are scored. The mean score for the fifth graders is 84 points with a sample standard deviation of 5 points. Given this scenario we ask the following questions: Does the sample data provide us with evidence that the mean test score of the population of all fifth graders exceeds the mean test score of the population of all third graders?What is a 95% confidence interval for the difference in mean test scores between the populations of third graders and fifth graders? Conditions and Procedure We must select which procedure to use. In doing this we must make sure and check that conditions for this procedure have been met. We are asked to compare two population means. One collection of methods that can be used to do this are those for two-sample t-procedures. In order to use these t-procedures for two samples, we need to make sure that the following conditions hold: We have two simple random samples from the two populations of interest.Our simple random samples do not constitute more than 5% of the population.The two samples are independent of one another, and there is no matching between the subjects.The variable is normally distributed.Both the population mean and standard deviation are unknown for both of the populations. We see that most of these conditions are met.   We were told that we have simple random samples.   The populations that we are studying are large as there are millions of students in these grade levels. The condition that we are unable to automatically assume is if the test scores are normally distributed. Since we have a large enough sample size, by the robustness of our t-procedures we do not necessarily need the variable to be normally distributed. Since the conditions are satisfied, we perform a couple of preliminary calculations. Standard Error The standard error is an estimate of a standard deviation. For this statistic, we add the sample variance of the samples and then take the square root. This gives the formula: (s1 2 / n1 s22 / n2)1/2 By using the values above, we see that the value of the standard error is (32 / 27 52 / 20)1/2 (1 / 3 5 / 4 )1/2 1.2583 Degrees of Freedom We can use the conservative approximation for our degrees of freedom. This may underestimate the number of degrees of freedom, but it is much easier to calculate than using Welchs formula. We use the smaller of the two sample sizes, and then subtract one from this number. For our example, the smaller of the two samples is 20. This means that the number of degrees of freedom is 20 - 1 19. Hypothesis Test We wish to test the hypothesis that fifth-grade students have a mean test score that is greater than the mean score of third-grade students. Let ÃŽ ¼1 be the mean score of the population of all fifth graders. Similarly, we let ÃŽ ¼2 be the mean score of the population of all third graders. The hypotheses are as follows: H0: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0Ha: ÃŽ ¼1 - ÃŽ ¼2 0 The test statistic is the difference between the sample means, which is then divided by the standard error. Since we are using sample standard deviations to estimate the population standard deviation, the test statistic from the t-distribution. The value of the test statistic is (84 - 75)/1.2583. This is approximately 7.15. We now determine what the p-value is for this hypothesis test. We look at the value of the test statistic, and where this is located on a t-distribution with 19 degrees of freedom. For this distribution, we have 4.2 x 10-7 as our p-value. (One way to determine this is to use the T.DIST.RT function in Excel.) Since we have such a small p-value, we reject the null hypothesis. The conclusion is that the mean test score for fifth graders is higher than the mean test score for third graders. Confidence Interval Since we have established that there is a difference between the mean scores, we now determine a confidence interval for the difference between these two means. We already have much of what we need. The confidence interval for the difference needs to have both an estimate and a margin of error. The estimate for the difference of two means is straightforward to calculate. We simply find the difference of the sample means. This difference of the sample means estimates the difference of the population means. For our data, the difference in sample means is 84 – 75 9. The margin of error is slightly more difficult to compute. For this, we need to multiply the appropriate statistic by the standard error. The statistic that we need is found by consulting a table or statistical software. Again using the conservative approximation, we have 19 degrees of freedom. For a 95% confidence interval we see that t* 2.09. We could use the T.INV function in Excel to calculate this value. We now put everything together and see that our margin of error is 2.09 x 1.2583, which is approximately 2.63. The confidence interval is 9  Ã‚ ± 2.63. The interval is 6.37 to 11.63 points on the test that the fifth and third graders chose.

Competitive Growth Strategy ZARA and H&M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitive Growth Strategy ZARA and H&M - Essay Example A close analysis of the two companies namely Hennes and Mauritz (H&M) and Zara reveals that they both have strengths peculiar to their business operations. One major strength characteristic of both companies is that they have vertically integrated business models which allow them to set the pace of information flow thereby determine their own business operations. Their stores have diversified products as well ranging from clothing for all age groups to cosmetics which give variety to shoppers. Another notable strength characteristic of both organisations is the ability to have the global patent, which is exclusive rights to their brand names and products which make them different from other rival competitors’ products. It shows that they are operating legally which creates mutual trust among customers. This can also be done by making their brands absolutely unique from other products already on the market as a way of showing that they are not mere copycats. By also establishing well-defined distribution channels, the company would stand better chances of positive growth. Whilst the two companies have different approaches to their distribution methods, it can be noted that they have efficient distribution systems which offer a credit in the success of the business. However, there are bound to be weaknesses faced by H &M as well as Zara in their attempt to achieve this feat of establishing themselves as forces to reckon with in the market. One major weakness that is evident for H & M in its endeavour to establish itself as a formidable organisation is its apparent lack of competitor and customer analysis. This often is dangerous as it risks failing to keep pace with customer needs as a result of lack of information. On the other hand, Zara’s major weakness is that its design and product development are human intensive which leads to less retail returns than the cost of production. On the other  hand, opportunities for both companies lie in their ability to penetrate international markets which may have a different appeal than the local markets.  

First Presbyterian Church of Coral Springs Dissertation

First Presbyterian Church of Coral Springs - Dissertation Example The Presbyterian Church is a church whose roots originate from the Protestant Christian denomination having started in the United States. The church has developed its standards based on the doctrines that govern its followers with an indication of respect for God almighty that they serve. The church relies heavily on the doctrines to educate the people. These have worked in successfully revealing the needs and lives of Christians in a moral approach. The church established in 1983 through a merger of two churches has survived over the years and slowly created its own space that it fills each time. The church has a grown membership that has seen over 1667767 members present in the book while 20383 represent the number ordained ministers (Summary of Statistics). Despite the decline in membership in the church, many other factors have influenced the need for the church to vigorously apply management skills and understand the aspects that will play a role in describing the ideal cloth. T hese form the basis of the research. The literature review below provides support on the application of strategic planning and other formal approaches in planning for the success of the church. The first article seeks to detail the approach that many churches seek to employ in their strategic planning process. The author provides an exploratory approach to detailing the application of strategic planning by the churches in a bid to improve their business position.

Provide a critical analysis of theory in relation to ONE of the topics Essay

Provide a critical analysis of theory in relation to ONE of the topics below and discuss how this could be relevant to Social Work. Internal working model, Internal conflict, Trauma, Loss and transition - Essay Example y in order to enhance the understanding of the attachment theory and related concepts with the contemporary and evolutionary physiological theories and how these models influence the social work. Internal working model illustrates the process through which a human being attaches himself with the fellow beings and how attachment mindset come into play while interaction among human beings. An internal working model not only depicts the dynamics of adult relationship but also elucidate the way an infant perceives the society and his surroundings. According to internal working model, every human being develops a working model for this world based on his first hand experiences and what he perceives about the dynamics of different happenings around him (Holmes, 2012). If his key experiences are positive then he will build an affirmative model inside his mind about this world but in the case if otherwise then there will be negative working model and he will perceive the overall world to be on the course of negative side collectively. For example, a new born baby perceives the world to be safe and secure because he experience the same in the form of extensive care from his parents a nd love of his fellows. The internal working model of a child will be developed on some attachment process which will lay the foundation of a permanent perception. But the same internal working model of infant will be different altogether if the behavior of his parents will be harsh and rude (healingpartnerships,1988) The attachment theory which lays the basis of internal working model rationalizes its stance of the fact that human beings constitute close emotional bonds in the interest of survival. The human beings want to live in healthy and peaceful surroundings so they want to perceive the world to be a secure place when they are infants (McCluskey & Hooper, 2000). But the attachment theory changes its course with the passage of time. Famous British psychologist of the 20th century, John

Evaluation of Healthcare Practice

Evaluation of Healthcare Practice Lauren Lovett   In this portfolio the author will talk about the work practice organisation in terms of status and size in relation to the Irish economy and the world economy if it is applicable. The author will also summarize the work practice organisations structure, main aims and overall objectives. They will determine the organisations culture and values as demonstrated by the management practice and staff client engagement. The author will touch on the key factors that impact on the work practice organisation and give a review on the impact of relevant government policy on the work practice organisation. Another thing the author will do is to assess id social or ethical issues have affected the work practice organisation or may impact in the future, they will also comment on any impact to the work practice organisation in relation to economic and population shifts. Health safety and welfare as well as employment and equality were also covered. The author also explained the internal and the external policies. Portfolio The work place that the author done their experience in was in Saggart, Co. Dublin, the facility itself was very beautiful and well kept. There were 62 beds in the nursing home and two double rooms for couples. The nursing home is a private residential setting and it deals mainly with end of life care and the social understanding of clients, It is a highly recommended nursing home. This nursing home differs from other nursing homes because it is private, meaning that it is more expensive but the quality of care in the authors opinion is more evident as it is a small enough facility. The nursing home is a two story building that includes two dining rooms. There are 42 bedrooms downstairs and the rest of the bedrooms are upstairs, the bedrooms that are upstairs are mainly to accommodate people who have life limiting illnesses. Each bedroom in the nursing home has its own private bathroom so that the clients can feel at home, the bedrooms are quite big and they consist of a bed, bedside table, locker and a wardrobe. The clients also have safes in their bedroom if they would like to put anything in just so that they can feel safer in the environment.   In comparison to other private nursing homes the author feels as though it is an amazing facility as it is only a year open. From research the author has found there to be many problems with other private nursing homes according to the HIQA reports, the author also got information from their peers regarding the quality of care that was being delivered in the nursing homes that they were doing their work practic e in and the author feels as though the nursing home they have been doing their work practice in has a lot more to offer. The private sector is not a very large part o the community in Ireland and people would be much more inclined to go public regarding their healthcare as it is cheaper and the finances are managed by the government instead of just one person or a number of people controlling all of the finances. The author thinks that the public would benefit more from the private sector, although more expensive. There are many different reasons from this but the main one being the quality of care that is given, and being able to be a part of an organisation that can make their own decisions regarding the welfare of their company. The nursing homes support scheme is a way that the funding can be helped for people who need long term care in a nursing home and it allows them to go private and the government will fund the cost, although it is not an easy list to get on the author thinks that it is a great improvement. To be a HCA you need the equivalent of a QQI level 5 in healthcare, this entails having 8 modules completed successfully as well as having manual handling, first aid, end of life care and patient handling courses completed. Most nursing homes/ hospitals may ask that more qualifications be acquired, for example training in dementia. Portfolio The nursing home the author completed their work experience in had their own personalised mission statement. The ethos at Millbrook manor nursing home is to provide our residents with the highest level of quality of life that is achievable. The nursing home makes it very clear that respect and dignity are the most important things that they have to offer and they make it clear that each client will be treated as a member of their own family would be. The nursing home is committed to working closely with each and every resident, and ensuring that their individual needs are met. The ideal situation would be to create an environment that feels just like home within a safe environment. They focus on promoting the independence of their residence, personally, medically, psychologically, socially and spiritually by continuing to lead their own everyday life within their own capabilities. Our values What we do is important. We respect, support and strive to improve the communities we serve. We are honest, fair and ethical in everything we do. We recognise and appreciate the individual in all of our residents and staff. We accept responsibility for our actions. We make life and work meaningful and enjoyable for all. Portfolio Evaluate the impact of globalisation and new technology and science on the work practice organisation. Globalisation in the nursing home is a massive thing, there are many different cultures that are mixed into the one community and although some residents are traditional and do not agree with this there has never been a problem regarding the social acceptance or treatment as both residents and staff and mixed cultures. The service that is provided in the nursing home is provided in other places around the world that would accommodate for Irish people Technology is progressing very fast within the healthcare community, in nursing homes there is now a system app called V-care which allows the staff to click into profiles of each client and tick in boxes to ensure that they have been assisted. This has also helped with the time frame that healthcare professionals have to keep to within work, it has helped with deadlines and it also allows other carers to see if a person has been assisted or not. In the nursing home that the author was completing their work experience in they did not hear of any new scientific advancement. The impact that the recent recession has not really impacted the nursing home at all in relation to funds as it is not on a public sector, there are also schemes in place to allow for the clients to be able to afford a bedroom in the nursing home, despite the recession it was agreed that these funds would not be cut at all. The government, although reluctant to fund any schemes that may involve the private healthcare sector. There are multi nationalities as part of the staff as well as the clients, Most of the staff in the work place are from another culture or have different religious view than some of the patients, this does not seem to cause any problems as the staff respect the wishes of the patients and vice versa. Discrimination is not a problem within the work place as everybody respects each other and the main purpose of the nursing home is to show respect and promote social interaction, this helps with a lot of patients who may not enjoy company of others as it is required that they be up and not in bed all day, this does not help the patients in any way. Portfolio The point of health and safety is to ensure that; Secures improve the safety, health and welfare of people at work. The requirements for the control of safety are met and reached within the work place. The people in charge (management) ensure that everything possible is done to achieve solutions and that the regulations are met. The roles and responsibilities of employers and employees are regarded as proper. Safety statements are statements that are to be filled out, they must list all of the control measure that are to be taken and how to avoid hazards, the people who are responsible for implementing and maintaining these measures must be named. It must also contain plans to deal with emergencies or serious/imminent risk cases, the HCA must also list the names of each of the safety representatives. Conclusion In this portfolio the author has talked about the work practice organisation in terms of status and size in relation to the Irish economy. The author has also summarised the work practice organisations structure, main aims and their overall objectives. They will determine the organisations culture and values as demonstrated by the management practice and staff client engagement. The author has touched on the key factors that impact on the work practice organisation and gave a review on the impact of relevant government policy on the work practice organisation. Another thing the author has done is assess if the social or ethical issues have affected the work practice organisation or may impact in the future, they have also commented on any impact to the work practice organisation in relation to economic and population shifts. Health safety and welfare at work as well as employment equality were also covered. The author has also explained the internal and the external policies.

Materialism in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus :: Dharma Bums Essays

Materialism in The Dharma Bums and Goodbye, Columbus    Several works we have read thus far have criticized the prosperity of American suburbia. Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums, Philip Roth's Goodbye, Columbus, and an excerpt from Lawrence Ferlinghetti's poem "A Coney Island of the Mind" all pass judgement on the denizens of the middle-class and the materialism in which they surround themselves. However, each work does not make the same analysis, as the stories are told from different viewpoints. The Dharma Bums and "A Coney Island of the Mind" are critiques of materialism by people who have rejected the middle-class ideals. In Goodbye, Columbus, however, Roth makes his point via Neil, a dweller of the lower class who wants to join the prosperous rank of the Patimkin family. The difference is that Kerouac and Ferlinghetti mock the suburbanites, yet pay them little attention while several characters in Goodbye, Columbus are disdainful of the materialism exuded by the Patimkins while feeling excluded from their social class. In The Dharma Bums, Kerouac strengthens his argument for the Zen ideal of poverty and freedom by this criticism of the conformity practiced by the middle-class: ...you'll see if you take a walk some night on a suburban street and pass house after house on both sides of the street each with the lamplight of the living room, shining golden, and inside the little blue square of the television, each living family riveting its attention probably on one show; nobody talking; silence in the yards; dogs barking at you because you pass on human feet instead of wheels. You'll see what I mean, when it begins to appear like everybody in the world is soon going to be thinking the same way and the Zen Lunatics have long joined dust, laughter on their dust lips. (104) Kerouac's point is that freedom doesn't exist in a place where everyone is watching the same thing and thinking the same thing at the same time. Kerouac also reflects on the futile trap of materialism. Japhy discusses "all that crap they didn't really want anyway such as refrigerators, TV sets, cars, at least fancy new cars, certain hair oils and deodorants and general junk you finally always see a week later in the garbage anyway, all of them imprisoned in a system of work, produce, consume, work, produce, consume.

Dreams of Men versus Women: Heineken Commercial Essay

The host shows her new walk-in closet, full of clothes, shoes, and jewelries, and her friends react with high-pitched screams and hugs. This action goes in hand with their flat characters, as the audiences anticipate women to express and over-exaggerate emotions. In the mid-excitement, a new group of characters are introduced. A group of four European males in their 30s, much like the female group of four, are screaming, squealing, yelling, Jumping, crying, and fanning inside a walk- in fridge, full of Heineken beers. These males are round characters, because their actions are unpredictable to the audiences. There is no narrator in this video. The story is communicated directly to the audiences without any added commentaries. There is a short statement at the end of the video: â€Å"Heineken, serving the planet†, which serves as a logo and theme of the product. The event takes place in someone’s home, most likely a condo. There is a house- warming party taking place, and the atmosphere is happy and lively. The major active event of this video is the group of four European males reacting and expressing their motions to the walk-in fridge full of Heineken beer. This event is shown in much detail, including close-ups of each man’s facial expressions and body language. The major stative events of this video are excitement, cheeriness, and happiness. These events are portrayed throughout the video, from the beginning to the end. The minor events of this video are: the house-warming party and the group of European females reacting to the walk-in closet. The video displays enough information to let the audience know that there is a house-warming party taking place – there are eople hanging out, drinking and talking in the apartment, and the host is guiding ner guests and gesturing around each room. Reaction ot the temale group is shown in some detail so that the audience can see the resemblance between the female and male groups. There are a number of cause-and-effect relationships that can be pointed out in the Heineken beer advertisement video. The relationship that is most important to the purpose of the video is Heineken beer walk-in fridge causing the group of males to overly express their excitement. Another relationship that has an effect on the goal of his video is walk-in closet causing the group of females to overly express their excitement. These two relationships are independent of each other, but must be compared with each other to deliver the message effectively. Another cause-and- effect relationship that can be mentioned is the house-warming party causing the male and female hosts to show off their new home. This relationship is the beginning of the story, but is not absolutely necessary to deliver the message. All three effects are caused by human action – showing around the house and expressing excitement. The temporal relation of the Heineken beer commercial is syntagmatic, because one event leads naturally to another. The story maintains the same speed throughout the video, and the temporal speed is similar to the real world. The intended audience of this Heineken beer advertisement is mature middle-class adults. This video is targeted towards men, more so than women. The video is portraying Heineken as a passion of men and mocks women during the process. The audiences are presumed to have stereotypes toward men and women: women express their emotions much more dramatically compared to men, and women are uch more noisy and bouncy compared to men. This advertisement is suggesting that the worth of beer to men is comparable to women’s passion for fashion. The event seems to be the most important in terms of contributing to the ultimate moral. The characteristics of actors and actresses also play an important role, especially in identifying the intended audience. However, the main method of getting the message across was the action of men expressing their excitement and bouncing up and down like little girls. There are several potential implications of this advertisement to a bigger matter. This ideo is reinforcing the existing stereotypes of men and women. Actions and reactions of actors and actresses imply that it is abnormal for men to express their excitement. The video also reinforce that women are suppose to love and have passion for fashion. In many families, boys are raised to be tough and to hide their emotions, whereas girls are raised to look pretty and to express their feelings. The Heineken advertisement implies that it is normal to have gender stereotypes. Although there are undeniable differences between genders, popular culture encouraging stereotypes can lead to sexism in our lives.

Combined sentence Essay

1) Sexism extends even into the area of automobile driving, it seems. Believing that they are far better drivers than women. Men consider women drivers incompetent, inattentive, and even dangerous behind the wheel. -It seems that sexism extends even into the area of automobile driving. Believing that they are far better drivers than women, men consider women drivers incompetent, inattentive, and even dangerous behind the wheel. 2) However, statistics prove that women are, in fact, safer drivers than men. For example, insurance rates. Insurance rates for women are 20 percent lower than they are for men. Another proof is that more accidents are caused by male drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 than by any other group. Also, the greater percentage of accidents involving deaths cause by men. Although women are criticized for being too cautious. They are really just being safe drivers. -However, statistics prove that women are, in fact, safer drivers than men. For example, insurance rates for women are 20 percent lower than they are for men. Another proof is that more accidents are caused by male drivers between the ages of 18 and 25 than by any other group and the greater percentage of accidents involving deaths cause by men. Although women are criticized for being too cautious, they are really just being safe drivers. 3) The reasons for women drivers’ safer driving habits can perhaps be found in the different attitudes of the sexes toward automobiles. On the one hand, women drivers who regard the automobile as a convenience. Like a washing machine. On the other hand men regard the automobile as an extension of their egos. Using it as a weapon when they feel particularly aggressive. Or using it as a status symbol. -The reasons for women drivers’ safer driving habits can perhaps be found in the different attitudes of the sexes toward automobiles. On the one hand, women drivers who regard the automobile as a convenience like a washing machine; on the other hand, men regard the automobile as an extension of their egos, using it as a weapon when they feel particularly aggressive, or using it as a status symbol. 4) All in all, women are safer drivers. Because of their attitude. Men can  learn to become safe drivers. If they adopt the attitude that an automobile is merely a convenience. -All in all, women are safer drivers because of their attitude. Men can learn to become safe drivers, if they adopt the attitude that an automobile is merely a convenience. 2. (a) Electric cars are powered solely by batteries. (b) The new hybrid vehicles switch between electricity and gasoline. -Electric cars are powered solely by batteries, but the new hybrid vehicles switch between electricity and gasoline. 3. (a) Government and private agencies have spent billions of dollars advertising the dangers of smoking. (b) The number of smokers is still increasing. -Even though government and private agencies have spent billions of dollars advertising the dangers of smoking, the number of smokers is still increasing. 4. (a) Some students go to a vocational school to learn a trade. (b) Some students go to college to earn a degree -Some students go to a vocational school to learn a trade, but some students go to college to earn a degree. 5. (a) The grading system at our college should be abolished. (b) The students do not like getting grades.(c) The instructions do not enjoy giving grades. -The grading system at our college should be abolished as (or because/since) the students do not like getting grades, and the instructions do not enjoy giving grades. 6. (a) Education in a free society teaches children how to think. (b) Education in a dictatorship teaches children what to think. -Education in a free society teaches children how to think, but education in a dictatorship teaches children what to think.