Ford and Taylor Scientific Management-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Would specialists in Australia, America or Europe acknowledge the Taylorism in this structure today? 2.Consider the structure of contents for use in Call Centers, would you be able to see Taylorism in that? Clarify. 3.What would be a portion of the key downsides or dangers of living in the level universe of Globalization 3.0 as Friedman depicts it? 4.Do you concur with Friedmans iron standard of the level world? Clarify. 5.Is the degree of globalization uniform over the world? Clarify. 6.Has your view on globalization changed in the wake of tuning in to Professor Ghemawat? Clarify. 7.Consider where you have seen the feelings of trepidation that individuals have about globalization. Do you figure these feelings of dread may die down with certain information focuses that may recommend something else? Answers: Presentation Passage and Taylorism was basic in improving the creation cycle during the turn of the century. In light of the idea of time and movement, it tries to improve effectiveness and speed. Today is as yet appropriate in breaking assignments into littler ones that are done on reiteration. It has viable application at the individual space and at the working environment, for example, the enlistment procedure. Globalization as per Thomas Friedman happened in three stages driven by the nation, organization and closure with the person. The iron guideline for living in this level world as proposed by Friedman is to do it before it is done to you. His reason presents a world that calls for coordinated effort, associations and now and again rivalry universally. This world calls for facing challenges and building up a worldwide mentality. Educator Ghemawat then again places that the world isn't level or globalized as we at present accept. The absence of precise information on exchange, migration and ventures on the worldwide scale prompts wrong suppositions. This off-base situation on globalization is the thing that he alludes to globaloney and is the premise on fears introduced with respect to remote guide and movement. Exact introduction of globalization is useful in adding to worldwide government assistance List of chapters MOG.. 4 E-Learning exercises. 4 Week 1-Activity 1-Ford and Taylorism.. 4 Question one-4 Question two. 4 Question three. 4 Week 2-Activity 1-Thomas Friedman on Globalization; 3 Eras of Globalization; World is level 5 Question two. 5 Question three. 5 Week 2-Activity 2-Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalization. 6 Question one. 6 Question two. 6 End. 7 References. 8 MOG E-Learning exercises 1.Workers in Europe, America and Australia would not acknowledge Taylorism in this structure because of two reasons. The first is the base administrative necessities that secure the specialist while the second is the privilege to association portrayal. The administration directs businesses concerning managers on employer stability as a social approach and measure on development of the economy. Association portrayal guarantees dealing power as for work conditions and compensation increments. 2.The contents utilized in call focuses mirrors the key ideas of Taylorism in that the independence of human operators is diminished or disposed of. This is inside the idea of time and movement that see laborers as foundational warriors. The content is proposed to diminish low efficiency and looks to control the call operators to most extreme profitability. The content lessens the operators to machines in dully doing likewise scripted errand. (Hingst 2006).The contents are uniform and are intended to diminish the normal time taken to deal with client inquiries. This is proposed to diminish cost at the call place and improve speed and efficiency.There are two suspicions of Taylorism which are as yet applicable: productivity and speed. Effectiveness is improved by reiteration which thusly improves speed. This is accomplished by separating undertakings into littler sub-errands which needn't bother with specialization, making an example at the expert and individual space. The example cre ated is useful in learning and fortifying the scholarly conduct for every day exercises with least effort. A model is the acceptance procedure for another worker which should be speedy, productive and financially savvy for most associations. 3.The level world presents chances as it expects people to globalize. It requires joint effort, associations and rivalry on the worldwide scale (Friedman 2008). This presents difficulties of contending locally and provincially as well as now on the worldwide scale. People are then compelled to thoroughly consider of the container and think all inclusive while acting locally. New aptitudes set in the commercial center, for example, learning new dialects and social capability might be required. It requires extra learning as a person so as to adjust the new worldwide reasoning outlook. 4.According to Friedman, the iron standard of the level world is that whatever should be possible will be finished. Friedman (2008), states that it will either be finished by you or to you. The danger of living in this world is that lingering is hazardous and can have sad results. The little minuscule world that is level presents open doors for daring people who are happy to get things done in the now or lose the open door when another person does it. It turns into a world characterized by daring individuals who are eager to step out of their usual range of familiarity with the goal that they become practitioners before others take their position. 5. The degree of globalization isn't uniform because of two significant reasons. The first is that globalization driven by organizations will vary dependent on the nation of source (Friedman 2008). Nations with progressively worldwide organizations will have more noteworthy effect on globalization. The subsequent explanation is that globalization driven at the individual level will contrast contingent upon the instruction level and monetary strengthening. Ha (2012), states that people from poor nations with elevated levels of absence of education will have lower levels of globalization than those from rich nations with high proficiency levels. 6.After tuning in to Professor Ghemawat, I have reached another resolution concerning globalization. We are in reality less globalized than the current writing and information that is at present accessible. The figures we are as of now gave as far as exchange and movement are regularly expanded and mutilate the genuine reality on globalization. Current authority information on exchange, speculation and migration is regularly tallied on various occasions (Ghemawat 2012). The figures introduced by Ghemawat show that the world is less globalized and level. The genuine figures present the open door for additional increases on globalization later on and are useful in exposing incorrectly suspicions on migration and remote guide given to poor nations. 7.The two fundamental feelings of dread are corresponding to migration and outside guide as a level of the GDP. A model is France where the supposition of settlers as a level of the populace is exaggerated. The genuine figure is 8% while an inappropriate supposition that is 24% (Ghemawat 2012). This fluctuation has the capability of impelling inclinations dependent on religion and race. The accepted huge foreigner populace could likewise turn into the substitute for all the social ills and disappointments and turns into a state of political control (Power, Barnes-Holmes 2017). The substantiates realities may help in turning around this off-base propositions and increment more prominent acknowledgment of foreigners. The subsequent dread is on the measure of outside guide given to less created nations. The current suspicion by Americans on the remote guide as a level of the government financial plan is 30% while the genuine figure is 1% (Ghemawat 2012). The genuine figure is useful in changing the predisposition a great many people may have against more portion of assets to help poor nations. Poor nations may profit by more guide intended to help them build up their economies (Mosley 2015). This may assist with accomplishing the destinations set out at the Rio Summit which was multi year prior (Ghemawat 2012). The exact situation on globalization is along these lines accommodating in adding to worldwide government assistance. End The ideas introduced by Taylor on creation may even now have down to earth use today as far as improving proficiency and speed. A model is in the acceptance procedure which should be brisk, proficient and practical. Globalization as per Friedman has moved in three stages and his iron guideline about the level world calls for facing challenge so as to get applicable and serious. Ghemawat presents an opposite supposition and states that the world isn't as globalized as is commonly accepted dependent on introducing right raw numbers. References Passage and Taylor Scientific Management, 2008, Ford and Taylorism, saw 23 August 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI Friedman, T, 2008, Thomas Friedmans three periods of globalization, saw 23 August 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp4znWHvsjU Friedman, T, 2008, What Thomas Friedman implies when he says The World is level, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM2BguxRSyY Ghemawat, P, 2012, Actually the world isnt level, saw 23 August 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pankaj_ghemawat_actually_the_world_isn_t_flat/subtleties Ha, E, 2012, 'Globalization, Government Ideology, and Income Inequality in Developing Countries', Journal of Politics, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 541-557. Accessible from: 10.1017/S0022381611001757. [23 August 2017]. Hingst, R, 2006, Perceptions of life in call focuses. Diary of Management Practice, volume 7 (issue 1): pp.1-9 Mosley, P 2015, Foreign Aid : Its Defense and Reform, The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington. Force, P, Harte, C, Barnes-Holmes, D, Barnes-Holmes, Y 2017, 'Investigating Racial Bias in an European Country with a Recent History of Immigration of Black Africans', Psychological Record, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 365-375. Accessible from: 10.1007/s40732-017-0223-6. [23 August

Auditory processing in Speech Production

Sound-related handling in Speech Production The joining of sound-related input from self created discourse sounds into up and coming engine orders is significant for the steadiness and control of discourse creation. For instance, kids with significant hearing disability experience more noteworthy trouble getting and keeping up discourse than their ordinary hearing companions (Campisi, Low, Papsin, Mount, Harrison, 2006; Kishon-Rabin, Taitelbaum-Swead, Ezrati-Vinacour, Hildesheimer, 2005; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Lewis et al., 2007; Moeller, Hoover, Putman, Arbataitis, Bohnenkamp, Peterson, Wood et al., 2007). Additionally, grown-ups with gained hearing misfortune show a steady debasement of their beforehand capable articulatory capacity that is halfway reestablished after cochlear implantation (Kishon-Rabin, Taitelbaum, Tobin, Hildesheimer, 1999). The significance of sound-related criticism for discourse engine control in typical speakers has been exhibited by means of annoyance contemplates. Different examinations have indicated the compensatory sway bothering the volume (Bauer, Mittal, Larson, Hain, 2006), pitch (Burnett, Senner, Larson, 1997), phonetic precision (Houde Jordan, 1998) and timing (Jones Striemer, 2007) of sound-related input has on the kinematic and acoustic results of discourse creation in ordinary speakers. Computational neural system models of discourse creation have additionally been utilized to exhibit the significance of sound-related criticism for articulatory control (Guenther, Husain, Cohen, Shinn-Cunningham, 1999; Perkell et al., 2000). Irritating the planning of sound-related criticism in individuals who are familiar is known to incite an assortment of verbalization unsettling influences. In particular, deferred sound-related criticism fluctuated between 200 ms and 400 ms during perusing so anyone might hear brings about a diminished number of right words, expanded complete understanding time, monosyllabic sound replacements, exclusions, inclusions and increases including reiterations (Fairbanks, 1955; Fairbanks Guttman, 1958; B. S. Lee, 1950; B. S. Lee, 1951; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, Lynch, 2002; Yates, 1963). On the other hand, deferred sound-related criticism has been appeared to decidedly impact discourse familiarity with individuals who stammer (Adamczyk, 1959; Kalinowski, Stuart, Sark, Armson, 1996; Ryan Van Kirk, 1974; Soderberg, 1968; Stuart, Kalinowski, Armson, Stenstrom, Jones, 1996; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, 1997). The level of familiarity improvement differs relying upon various factors (for example postpone length, input force), the specific circumstance and the individual (Armson, Kiefte, Mason, DeCroos, 2006; Wingate, 1970). Because of the variable reactions revealed in the writing, the clinical adequacy of changed sound-related criticism as a treatment device stays dubious (Antipova, Purdy, Blakeley, Williams, 2008; Lincoln, Packman, Onslow, 2006; ODonnell, Armson, Kiefte, 2008; Pollard, Ellis, Finan, Ramig, 2009; Stuart, Kalinowski, Rastatter, Saltuklaroglu, Dayalu, 2004; Stuart, Kalinowski, Saltuklaroglu, Guntupalli, 2006; Wingate, 1970). The reason for the variable reaction of grown-ups who falter to deferred sound-related criticism isn't known. Different hypotheses have been advanced to depict how postponed sound-related criticism actuates familiar discourse in certain people who stammer. It has been suggested that deferred sound-related input brings about discourse improvement by compelling the individual who falters to accept another example of discourse development (Goldiamond, 1965). The new example is professed to be set up and kept up by means of operant learning standards with the deferred sound-related input working as aversive negative support. As called attention to by Wingate (1970), the conceptualization of this procedure is hazy and deficient. Notwithstanding, there is some proof to help the case that another discourse design is found out (Ryan Van Kirk, 1974). It has additionally been suggested that the postponed sound-related input is remedial in nature in this manner improving familiarity. In any cas e, the opposite that deferred sound-related criticism is misshaped input is by all accounts self-evident (Wingate, 1970). A few creators have set that the way to deferred sound-related feedback’s adequacy is the decrease of significant input (Wingate, 1970) denying the individual who falters the capacity to depend on this possibly wasteful control framework. This statement is to some degree bolstered by the perception that concealing of sound-related input likewise prompts familiar discourse in certain people who falter (Sutton Chase, 1961; Wingate, 1970). Finally, it has been suggested that postponed sound-related criticism is compelling a direct result of the propensity of people to slow their discourse rate, drag out vowel span and increment vocal power and major recurrence (Wingate, 1970). In any case, changes to discourse attributes, for example, a more slow rate can't be the main explanation that deferred sound-related input is compelling, as it has been shown to have c omparative familiarity improving impacts even at quick paces of discourse (Kalinowski et al., 1996; Stuart et al., 2002). The impacts of adjusted sound-related input on discourse familiarity with individuals who stammer exhibit the significance of sound-related handling in the turmoil. Propelling our comprehension of the job sound-related handling plays in the discourse creation of individuals who falter may start to clarify the components behind familiarity actuating modified sound-related criticism. 1.5.2 Auditory preparing in ordinary and stammered discourse creation: Conduct investigations of sound-related preparing in grown-ups and kids who stammer have yielded proof of focal sound-related handling contrasts in these populaces comparative with familiar age-coordinated companions. Rousey, Goetzinger and Dirks (1959) detailed that 20 stammering youngsters appeared beneath typical execution on sound limitation. Absence of sound restriction abilities might be demonstrative of transient flap issue (Jerger, Wekers, Sharbrough, Jerger, 1969). Different investigations have utilized batteries of audiometric tests to behaviourally assess focal sound-related preparing in grown-ups youngsters who falter. Rousey, Goetzinger and Dirks (1959) detailed that 20 stammering youngsters appeared beneath typical execution on sound limitation. Lobby and Jerger (1978) announced that grown-ups who falter performed inadequately comparative with familiar grown-ups on a subset of such tests. They inferred that the outcomes proposed the nearness of an inconspicuous focal so und-related handling shortage in grown-ups who falter. Anderson, Hood and Sellers (1988) directed a comparative report and found that young people who faltered performed ineffectively on only one subtest when contrasted with a gathering old enough coordinated control members. They correspondingly presumed that if a shortfall exists it is inconspicuous. Proof of an unpretentious focal sound-related preparing deficiency has likewise been exhibited in kids who falter. For instance, kids who stammer have been found to have higher edges on in reverse concealing assignments than youngsters who don't falter (Howell, Rosen, Hannigan, Rustin, 2000). Howell et al. likewise found a positive relationship between's retrogressive concealing edges and faltering seriousness in youngsters who stammer. In a subsequent report Howell and Williams (2004) explored youngsters who falter on a battery of audiometric tests including in reverse concealing undertakings. In light of the profile of execution on the audiometric battery of tests, Howell et al. (2004) arrived at the resolution that kids who falter had an alternate formative example of focal sound-related handling capacities comparative with their easily age-coordinated friends however they didn't determine the idea of that distinction. All the more as of late, focal sound-related working was assessed behaviourally and with electroencephalography in grown-ups who stammer (Hampton Weber-Fox, 2008). Behaviourally, grown-ups who falter performed less precisely and exhibited longer response times in light of the brief tone in a standard crackpot worldview. Be that as it may, a little subgroup of grown-ups what stutter's identity was seen as driving the outcomes. A similar subgroup of poor performing grown-ups who falter likewise exhibited irregular evoked sound-related waveforms. Hampton and Weber-Fox (2008) presumed that this subgroup showed insufficient non-semantic sound-related handling. Target tests like AEPs are substantial and helpful measures to examine sound-related preparing in people with faltering as they reflect changes in sound-related framework as improvements is handled.

Is it Worth It to Compete for an Ivy League Education

Is it Worth It to Compete for an Ivy League Education Its undeniable that  a degree from an Ivy League college holds a lot of prestige.    In fact,  I  have personally experienced the benefit of an Ivy League degree in my career, as Ive set out first as a lawyer and then as a resume writer and college essay advisor.   B.A. Yale 91 is enough to convince some people to hire me.   Many employers prefer to hire people with one of those magic schools on their resumes. I have a secret to share:    I sometimes wish I had gone to Oberlin where the students might be a bit more hippie and  down to earth, i.e., more like me.   But I will never regret having a Yale degree on my resume.   It helped me get into another prestigious school (NYU Law 98) and has gained the respect of several employers and clients. A recent article by Eve Tahmincioglu on msnbc.com, An Ivy  League degree no surefire path to success,  explores whether an Ivy League degree really makes a difference when it comes to how well a candidate will do in a job.   The article concludes that hard work, not the college name on your diploma, leads to career success.   Nevertheless, people with Ivy League degrees have significantly higher incomes than their non-Ivy counterparts: “The typical Ivy League bachelor’s graduate earns about 27 percent more early in their career, and about 47 percent more by the time he or she is about 40, than the typical bachelor’s graduate from all U.S. schools,” according to compensation website PayScale.com. I wonder:   Do employers like to hire someone from the right school simply because of the prestige, or do they beleive they can rely on  the pre-screening that the Ivies (and other top schools) do on every admittee?   It seems to me that theres a  really good chance that someone who made it into an Ivy  League school is among the  best and the brightest.    Thats not to say that a huge number of the best and the brightest and the most hard working did not go to Ivy League universities, either because they did not get in or because they chose less pricey options. Its understandable that many students prefer to attend Ivies, regardless of whether this education is  essential  to  career success.   Ivy League colleges come with  a guaranteed caliber to the student body and community, to the professors, and to the education.   And of course, the degree opens up many doors with ease. The competition to get in to Ivy League and other top schools, as reported by  Ms. Tahmincioglu in her MSNBC article, is fiercer than ever:   According to the Harvard Crimson, the school accepted a record-low 6.9 percent of applicants this year even though the number of applications actually went up 5 percent â€" topping 30,000 for the first time in the school’s history. The long and the short of it is that if you want to have an easier path to some of the most prestigious jobs in the country, a Yale, Harvard or Princeton degree will go far.   You still need to do well once youre there, and you still need to work hard once youre in the work force.   But the big names on the resume dont hurt a bit.   And in my book, thats enough to make it worthwhile to shoot for the best.

An African Americans Dreams and “Harlem” by Langston...

â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes is a poem that talks about what happens when we postpones our dreams. The poem is made up of a series of similes and it ends with a metaphor. The objective of the poem is to get us to think about what happens to a dream that is put off, postponed; what happens when we create our very own shelve of dreams? The â€Å"dream† refers to a goal in life, not the dreams we have while sleeping, but our deepest desires. There are many ways to understand this poem; it varies from person to person. Some may see this poem as talking about just dreams in general. Others may see it as African-American’s dreams. The reason I say African American’s dreams is because the author published this poem in 1951, the time period where there†¦show more content†¦The questions in this poem are all rhetorical questions because they answer themselves. The first and second stanzas uses similes: â€Å"like a raisin in the sun,† â€Å"fester like a sore,† â€Å"stink like rotten meat,† â€Å"like a syrupy sweet† and â€Å"sags like a heavy load.† The last stanza ends uses a metaphor: â€Å"does it explode.† Imagery is very important in literature because it gets the reader to visualize what they are reading, become part of it and understand it more. This poem uses imagery: â€Å"raisin in the sun,† â€Å"stink like rotten meat,† etc. The poem also uses rhyme: sun-run, meat-sweet, load-explode. When a raisin is left out in the sun to dry it hardens and becomes impossible to eat. It losses its value and purpose and can no longer go back to its original state. The first simile in the poem says: â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun.† First of all a raisin is a dried up grape. Yet, it is still a good and nutritious thing. But when these things happen it can never go back to what it was originally. Just like if someone is not permitted to do something they love their talent will dry up and transform into something else. Usually something negative. The sun is a very important detail here because it stresses time. We as humans measure time by the sun’s movement. If a deferred dream doesn’t dry up maybe it’ll â€Å"fester like a sore-and thenShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1736 Words   |  7 Pages17 Due: 20 Aug 2017 The Dream Called Langston As an artist, or literature, music or visual art, there is power in creating pieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning fromRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance And The Great Depression1711 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance Between 1902 and the Great Depression African Americans began relocating towards the urban North in the Great Migration hoping to escape white supremacy. They gathered mainly in Harlem, New York and except for wallowing in self pity they took advantage of the great majority of their race and decided to take a step out in entertainment (Us History). The Harlem Renaissance was a time of cutting down prejudice and showing the Whites that they have pride in their heritage. MajorRead MoreLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. 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It looks at how several interrelated themes run through the poetry of Langston Hughes, all of which have to do with being black in America and surviving in spite of immense difficulties. Langston Hughes is one of the most influential writers because his style of work not only captured the situation of African Americans; it also grabbed the attention of other races with the use of literary elements and other stylistic qualities. Langston HughesRead MoreMontage Of A Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes946 Words   |  4 Pages Many of the poems within â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes contain great meaning as well as emotion embedded within them. Whether they are 3 lines or 20 lines long, vivid images and explanations follow. The main focus of the series of poems are centralized on African Americans living in Harlem in the 20’s and on and their opposition from the rest. The motif in nearly all poems express discrimination, daily activities, and African American’s struggle for equality. Out of all poemsRead MoreLangston Hughes : The American Dream And Southern Migration With The Reality Of Prejudice2931 Words   |  12 Pages11/4/14 Langston Hughes Themes, Styles, and Techniques Langston Hughes has solidified his place as one of the greatest writers in American Literature to this day. This achievement is due to his thought provoking use of certain styles and techniques to portray his main themes and ideas. Many of Langston Hughes’ themes originated from his personal feelings and experiences. Hughes thus centers his themes around the ups and downs of African Americans living in America during his time. Langston HughesRead MoreLangston Hughes and the Civil Rights Movement.1725 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the early 1930s many black writers begin to produce works that helped to shape and define the Civil Rights movement. Among them was Langston Hughes whose poems and writing contributed directly to the rhetoric of the day and inspired many African-Americans, both in and out of the Civil Rights movement. Much of this grew out of what was called the Harlem Renaissance, which emerged during turbulent times for the world, the United States, and black Ame ricans. World War I and the Bolshevik RevolutionRead MoreThe Lottery by Shirley Jackson823 Words   |  3 Pages Throughout the work of Langston Hughes, and the documentary film, â€Å"The Lottery†, you find many similarities, and differences from today’s society and acceptance of black Americans. In today’s society these works and many others of the Harlem Renaissance era still hold true, but the most important is the African Americans reliance on God. In, â€Å" I too†, by Langston Hughes wrote in 1922 is about a presumably young black man is stating that he too is an American and one day everyone will treat himRead MoreA Research on African-American Literature1898 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿African American Literature Introduction The history of African Americans in America has been a tale of relentless desire for the American Dream of freedom and prosperity. White Americas reactions to that desire and the resulting struggles in different periods have been faithfully chronicled by Art, Music and Literature. Though there are numerous works recounting racial relations in America, the three assigned readings, To My Old Master, Sonnys Blues and Birmingham Sunday, give exceptional

Notes On THe Roman Republic City-State to World Empire

Chapter 6 Rome s great political achievement was to transcend the narrow political orientation of the city-state to create a world state that unified the different nations of the Mediterranean world. Rome overcame the limitations of the city-state mentality developed an empirewide system of law citizenship. Their genius found expression in law and government, the practical, not the theoretical. Historians divide Roman history into 2 broad periods: the Republic began in 509 B.C., w/ the overthrow of the Etruscan monarchy; the Empire began in 27 B.C., when Octavian (Augustus) became the 1st Roman emperor, ending 500 years of republican self-government. The Republic initiated the trend toward political legal universalism, which†¦show more content†¦* Masters and Slaves. * Rome generally allowed its subjects a large measure of self-government did not interfere w/ religion and local customs. * Essentially, Rome used its power for constructive ends: to establish order; to build roads, aqueducts, and public buildings; and to promote Hellenism. CULTURE IN THE REPUBLIC: * Rome creatively assimilated the Greek achievement and transmitted it to others, thereby extending the orbit of Hellenism. COLLAPSE OF THE REPUBLIC: * The established Roman administration proved unable to govern the Mediterranean world. * Internal dissension tore Rome apart as the drive for domination formerly directed against foreign enemies turned inward against fellow Romans. 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Ancient Roman society before this time period was religiously devoted to polytheistic deities. The birth of Jesus and the eventual spread of Christianity brought forth many social and political changes to this society. Christianity was at first persecuted by other religions, and later it would persecute them. Although Christianity in ancient Rome shared some similarities to traditional Roman religion, it was ultimately an absoluteRead MoreFrom Octavian to Augustus: The Death of the Republic and the Rise of the Principate1382 Words   |  6 PagesCaesar’s son. So his name was changed to C. Julius Caesar Octavianus (Porter, 2010). Later throughout his political and military career, he controlled Rome under the title Augustus (Brand, 2013). This begin s a story of a young man to an emperor of the Roman world. According to Morey (1901), following Caesar’s death, the first who took advantage was Marcus Antononus, or Mark Antony for short. 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The first Olympic Games Free Essays

The year is 776BC, and in Athens the first Olympic Games are about to start, the festivities have begun with a feast and sacrifices for the gods. The Olympic Spirit was a key part of their society. It was the one-time cultures from all of Greece could come together and celebrate, compete and enjoy. We will write a custom essay sample on The first Olympic Games or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the past few weeks we have been discussing the pros and cons of different issues and today it’s the tur of Olympics. Approximately 2000 years later, what has changed, not much? But this Olympic spirit is ingrained within the Games, the international community spirit along with the best athletes coming together and competing in one of the most prestigious sporting competition in the world. I’d like to give you three reasons to explain why and Why the games will benefit Britain Firstly because of urban regeneration; this has been put at the heart of the London bid, and is a massive benefit to hosting the Olympic Games; there is the opportunity to redevelop areas that are dilapidated and have physical disorders. Although many locations in and around London will be used for Olympic Games the core location for most of the events will be the 500-acre Olympic Park in the Lower Lea Valley in East London, Which stretches over 5 boroughs: namely Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Camden, Greenwich and Stratford. 3 years ago Lower Lea Valley, was literally a dump site, with muggings at an all time high, knife crimes were going up and up. And you know why? Because no one cared about the place, it was considered to be a dirty, dangerous and dilapidated. And know gentlemen, due to the Olympic Committee’s regeneration programme, the streets are clean, the alleys are well light The most important venue of the 2012 has been described as an architect’s dream. Planned and already in building the 500 acre park promises an excellent site for sporting activities, with over 9 competition events, and is claimed to be the biggest sports site in Europe for nearly 150 years. Outside of the new Olympic Park, which will principally host indoor sports and track and athletic events, all of England will join in as hosts. However it is not just London that is going to benefit. Throughout the countries there will be facilities available. Already the Olympic Committee, has set up brilliant badminton centers in Birmingham, superb swimming pools in Swansea and even mountain biking in Manchester! However to gain the most from the Olympics we need to maximize the legacy effect. Currently the plan is to sell the Olympic stadium to West Ham Football Club, so that they can keep the sporting spirit alive. The legacy effect is in essence the only thing that will keep allow us to maintain the investment of hosting the Olympic Games. Britain, has the highest number of sports fans in the world, we have a pride in our sport, when we hear our national anthem at any event our hearts swell with pride. Recently in the last Commonwealth Games over a thousand British supporters flew out to India to support Team GB. We are proud to be British, Londoner, but the 2012 Olympics is not just about London. It’s about team GB, it’s about national pride, it’s about an amazing, historical event taking place on our doorstep, it’s about getting excited and involved, and it’s about making sure that we maximise the legacy and the investment. As Lord Coe said â€Å"The Games will inspire the nation and give us the ability to showcase all that is great about Britain.† How to cite The first Olympic Games, Papers

Bata Shoe Museum free essay sample

Sandals originated in warm climates where the soles of the feet needed protection but the top of the foot needed to be cool. * 4,000 years ago the first shoes were made of a single piece of rawhide that enveloped the foot for both warmth and protection. * In Europe pointed toes on shoes were fashionable from the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries. * In the Middle East heels were added to shoes to lift the foot from the burning sand. In Europe in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries heels on shoes were always colored red. Shoes all over the world were identical until the nineteenth century, when left- and right-footed shoes were first made in Philadelphia. * In Europe it wasnt until the eighteenth century that womens shoes were different from mens. * Six-inch-high heels were worn by the upper classes in seventeenth-century Europe. Two servants, one on either side, were needed to hold up the person wearing the high heels. We will write a custom essay sample on Bata Shoe Museum or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * | * Sneakers were first made in America in 1916. They were originally called keds. * Boots were first worn in cold, mountainous regions and hot, sandy deserts where horse-riding communities lived. Heels on boots kept feet secure in the stirrups. * The first ladys boot was designed for Queen Victoria in 1840. Shoe Museum The Bata Shoe Museum, located in Toronto, Canada, is the only shoe museum in North America. The collection was compiled by Sonja Bata, of the Bata shoemaking family. The museum features shoes and shoe-related artifacts spanning 4,500 years. Bata Shoe Museum 327 Bloor Street West Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1W7 Shoes as symbols * In Biblical times a sandal was given as a sign of an oath. * In the Middle Ages a father passed his authority over his daughter to her husband in a shoe ceremony. At the wedding, the groom handed the bride a shoe, which she put on to show she was then his subject. * Today in the U. S. shoes are tied to the bumper of the bridal couples car. This is a reminder of the days when a father gave the groom one of his daughters shoes as a symbol of a changing caretaker. * In China one of the brides red shoes is tossed from the roof to ensure happiness for the bridal couple. * In Hungary the groom drinks a toast to his bride out of her wedding slipper.

Axis of Evil essays

Axis of Evil essays George W. Bushs term Axis of Evil which he uses to describe a trio of countries, including Iraq, Iran, and North Korea is inappropriate regarding North Korea. In North Koreas case this term only promises to escalate tension between the United States and North Korea. This term has locked the United States - North Korean foreign policy at an enemy stance. It encourages a weapons race with North Korea as it heightens North Koreas fear of being attacked by the United States. Referring to North Korea as an evil terrorist, and aligning their country with the other countries that are the focus of the United States antiterrorism campaign, causes tension and debate throughout the two nations and the rest of the world that can be prevented. Placing the term evil on a country has many grave side consequences. In his 2002 State of the Union address George W. Bush stated, North Korea is a regime arming with missiles of mass destruction, while starving its citizens.... States like these, and their terrorist allies, constitute an axis of evil, arming to threaten the peace of the world. Calling North Korea evil has made our attempt to pursue peaceful diplomatic solutions to dangerous threats nearly impossible. As Joseph Montville, a retired foreign service officer, said in an interview on National Public Radios All Things Considered, The trouble with evil is that you can not make a deal with it; you have to kill it. Once you have put a state of people in the category of evil, you appear to be setting them up for some serious punishment. North Korea has always posed a security threat to the United States. North Korea refuses to disarm because nuclear weapons are the only power they have, due to their lack of natural resources and exports. Now, with the United States posing as a serious threat to North Korea their fear and security concerns have only wors ...

Effects of Totalitarianism essays

Effects of Totalitarianism essays Gileads new government may have had good intentions for their society. However, the governments efforts to better its society through totalitarianism ultimately lead to suffering and oppression of their own people. Weve given them more than weve taken away, said the commander. Think of the trouble they had before. Dont you remember the singles bars, the indignity of high-school blind dates? The meat market. Dont you remember the terrible gap between the ones who could get a man easily and the ones who couldnt? Some of them were desperate, they starved themselves thin or pumped their breasts full of silicone, had their noses cut off. Think of the human misery. (pg. 253) Gileads government believed that by forbidding women to be openly sexual and by abolishing all ideas and materials that would inspire any form of sexual attraction towards women, women would no longer be considered and treated as sex objects, thus, eliminating all forms of unfairness and enforcing equality among every woman. Gileads government also believed that by enforcing only one religion among the whole society it would promote equality among every individual. This was all done in the interest of arranging an equal measure of happiness between every woman and man. However, not all individuals found happiness in their governments new ethnical standards. Most disapproved of it while some rebelled against it. Nevertheless, the totalitarian nature of Gileads new government suppressed all rebellious acts against them and neglected societys voice, therefore eliminating all possibilities for the government of ever realizing the true course of action needed towards societys improveme nt. Gileads government uses many different laws to enforce each and all of their principles and beliefs upon society. Half of the laws that are in place are there to suppress any form of ...

Philosophy of Education Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy of Education Bachelor - Essay Example In order to pursue this education, there is no single way. In this contemporary world, immense emphasis is paid on imparting and trailing education through the formula ways or the education systems that have been developed explicitly for people to get education. It has a set curriculum that defines set rules through which it is determined that what kind, how much and the way the education is to be imparted. Education systems are sometimes institutions that promote a certain idea to its students, for example, the convent system or, different education systems for different countries. When there is no uniform way of imparting education, social engineering occurs which can definitely lead to abuse of the system as a particular thought is taught in those institutions. However, there is another way of getting the right kind of education without limiting your education intake capabilities. There is another kind of education different from the traditional ways of education called alternative education or educational alternative. Generally speaking, they believe in introducing philosophical ideas to the students by following a wide number of teaching methodologies rather than sticking to just one alternative. There are independent education systems or private systems which follow more flexibility in staff selection and the kind of educational approach they are using to impart education. The best thing about using alternative education systems are that they equip the students with the various kinds of doctrines, thoughts and ideas that are present across the entire scenario and it is upon the students to understand and evaluate the best possible thought that they want to believe in or go with. You just don't have to follow one single thematic idea jus t because everybody or the majority thinks it's right. This way you have the right to choose and that helps one to develop you own thinking rather than the one derived by the masses. Self education is another concept that is gaining wide-spread recognition these days. However neglected and opposed, one can learn without the help of an instructor. One great aspect of self education is that one doesn't have to be dependent on the knowledge of another individual. It has been seen that self education has been able to produce miraculous successes beyond the wildest dreams. There have been various important personalities that have completely revolutionized the way people used to live and have been a product of self education using their own educational tools. Abraham Lincoln, Henry Ford, Chuck Yeager, Alexander Graham Bell and many other have been the ones who have been educated at their homes and have built such a knowledge base that has changed the way the world functions today. Before the advent of these education systems, this form of education was considered the most useful and acceptable form of education. In my opinion, this is a better way of education because one gets to think for them, and understand depending upon their own capability rather than listening to the thoughts of a teacher. When one gets educated by a person, he or she adopts the values and thinking of the teacher; and doesn't get a chance to understand the world and develop opinions on their own. Therefore, in order to get the complete picture, one should also emphasize on getting at least some kind of education by them, by reading books or by adopting other educational

The Amazonia Tribal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Amazonia Tribal - Essay Example They are totally unaware of the modern developments and the fast track life. The Yanomami tribe is the largest tribe among the known Amazonian tribes. Other tribes encompass Caboclos, Witoto, Manioc, Kayapo and many more.  They have varied culture and traditions. Caboclos are known to be skilled hunters as well as cooks. They are known to be highly intelligent as well as wise to reach to the solution to any problem.  Another tribe, Witoto, is known to eat the meat of people they kill in the battle and use the bones as souvenirs and to construct possessions. Witoto lives towards northwest basin of Amazon.  They are known to use various medicinal plants and build communal houses (Tribes).  The tribe members are very skilled and are capable of re-enacting animal sound. They use bows and arrows for hunting as well as for protection and war (Amazonian Tribe). Yanomami tribe does not possess immunity against most of the common diseases. The tribal community lives in Amazon basin at Venezuela and Brazil. The tribe is assumed to be the most primeval and also culturally intact community. They resemble the stone age tribes that dates around 8,000 years, this community is not known to discover wheel or metal. The tribe possess numbering system as well as perform a peculiar cremation of the dead. They cremate their dead, crush and drink their bones thinking that their dear ones are with them eternally. The tribe is known to be the most successful amongst the Amazon tribes. They form a culturo-linguistic group with the population of around 26,000 (Hands Around the World). They reside in a multifamily house and marriages take place inside the community between cross cousin as it is believed to have a strong family bonding. They build house in the form of concentric circle (Hands Around the World). Each tribal community follow their own culture and religion, their beliefs, social gatherings and religious rituals differ. The tribal women of Amazon Basin are not ashamed of themselves and do not wear clothes and cool themselves by bathing and swimming to escape the intense heat of Amazon rainforest. They maintain their personal hygiene (Women). In Kalapalo tribe, after childbirth the mother is secluded inside a wall keeping mother and child from the other family members and the outside world. Some Northwest Amazonian tribes are known to endow tough life for women. Men were given privilege of working from time to time while women are expected to work all the time, as a mother, as a house keeper and also to perform agricultural duties. According to Wiffen, men had leisure to relax when the job is over while on the other hand women do not enjoy the liberty. Women carry their child at their back and work. In many sense according to Wiffen, women come into view to be disobedient and defiant, they were respected and also hold influence (Amazonian Tribe). In Canela tribe, young girl is propelled into distinct relationships till she gets her first child an d then she is allowed to move with her enduring husband. The girls are trained to be very obedient to men, not only to the family or husband but to all the male community, moreover males have many wives and it is his wish whom he chooses to live with for that moment. Women are solely responsible for their children's upbringing, while father play little role in rearing of child. The children possess little childhood years and then they are set into the relationship to keep the cycle going (Amazonian Tribe).

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay

Database Design And Development For Petcare Veterinary Computer Science Essay Draw an Entity Relationship Data Model that describes the content and structure of data held by PetCare. Specify the cardinality ratio and participation constraint of each relationship type. Database Development Process The process is divided into four main stages: requirements elicitation, conceptual modeling, logical modeling and physical modelling. The techniques used in the development process naturally divide into three categories: those concerned modelling, those concerned with logical modelling and those concerned with physical modelling. Figure 1 the database development process Requirements Elicitation Requirements elicitation involves establishing the key technical requirements for a database system usually through formal and informal interaction between developers and organizational stakeholders such as users. It provides the structure of data needed and the use of the data in some information system context. Stakeholder identification and participation One of the first things that must be done in any information systems project is to identify the relevant stakeholders. A stakeholders group is any social group within and without the organization that potentially may influence the successful use and impact of the database system. Veterinary doctor Use the database to for managing treatment information of pet Staff keep track of animal and appointment Regulators National and regional government may need to audit the database Requirements Elicitation and requirements specification Requirements elicitation is the precursor to requirements specification. In terms of a system to manage Petcare, the following is a list of proposed requirements for system: The database should be capable of supporting the following transaction: Create and maintain records recording the details of Petcare Pets clinics and the members of staff at each clinic. Create and maintain records recording the details of pet owners. Create and maintain the details of pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of the types of treatments for pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of examinations and treatments given to pets. Create and maintain records recording the details of invoices to pet owners for treatment to their pets. Create and maintain pet owner/pet appointments at each clinic. Data requirements PetCare veterinary surgery Petcare has six medium sized veterinary surgery clinics across London. The details of each clinic include address of branch, telephone number, opening hours and emergency contact telephone number. Assuming that each clinic has a number of staff for example vets, nurses, secretaries and cleaners. Staff The details stored on each member of staff include the staff name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pet owners When a pet owner first contacts a clinic of Petcare the details of the pet owner are recorded, which include name, address, home telephone number and mobile telephone number. Pets The details of the pet requiring treatment are noted, which include a put number, type of pet, age and sex. Examinations When a sick pet is brought to a clinic, the vet on duty examines the pet. The details of each examination are recorded and include an examination number, the date and time of the examination, the name of the vet, the pet number, pet name, and type of pet, and a full description of the outcome of the examination results. Petcare provides various treatments for all types of pets. The details of each treatment include a treatment number, full description of the treatment, and the cost to the pet owner. Based on the result of the examination of a sick pet, the vet may propose one or more types of treatment. For each types of treatment, the information recorded includes the examination number and date. Invoices The pet owner is responsible for the cost of the treatment given to a pet. The owner is invoiced for the treatment arising from each examination, and the details recorded on the invoice include the invoice number, invoice date, owner number, owner name and full address, put number, put name, and details of the treatment given. The invoice provides the cost for each type of treatment and total cost of all treatments given to the pet. Additional data is also recorded on the payment for example cash, credit card or check. Appointments If the pet requires to be seen by the vet at later date, the owner and pet are given an appointment. The details of an appointment are recorded and include an appointment number, owner name, date and time. Using the logical database design methodology Entity-Relationship modeling is a top-down approach to database design. We begin ER modeling by identifying the important data (called entities) and relationships between the data that must be represented in the model. We then add more details such as the information we want to hold about the entities and relationships (called attributes) and any constraints on the entities, relationships, and attributes. Identify entities Identify entities A set of objects with the same properties, which are identified by a user or organization as having an independent existence The first step in logical database design is to identify entity that you have to represent in the database. Entity name Description Occurrence Clinic Veterinary clinics One or more Petcare clinics located throughout London Staff General term describing all staff employed by Petcare Each member of staff works at a particular clinic PetOwner Owners of pets taken to Petcare Owner takes his/her pet to a particular clinic Pet Sick animal seek treatment to the clinic One or more animal are taken to the clinic Examination Treatment Invoice Appointment PetTreatment Attributes The particular properties of entities are called attributes. Attributes represent what we want to know about entities. Single-Valued attributes The majority of attributes are single-valued for a particular entity. For example, each occurrence of the Staff entity has a single value for the staffNo attribute (for example,001), and therefore the staffNo attribute is referred to as being single-valued. Derived attributes An attributes that represents a value that is derivable from the value of a related attributes, or set of attributes, no necessarily in the same entity. Some attributes may be related for a particular entity. For example, the age of a pet is derivable form the date of birth (DOB) attribute, and therefore the age and DOB attributes are related. We refer the age attributes as a derived attributes, the value of which is derived from the DOB attribute. Age is not normally stored in a database because it would have to be updated regularly. On the other hand, as date of birth never changes and age can be derived from date of , date of birth is stored instead, and age is derived from DOB attribute, when needed. Identify relationships Having identifies the entities; next step is to identify all the relationships that exist between these entities. A relationship is a set of associations between participating entities. As with entities, each association should be uniquely identifiable within the set. A uniquely identifiable associations is called a relationships occurrence Clinic Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Clinic Has Veterinary Registers Pet Schedules Appointment IsContactedBy PetOwner Veterinary Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Veterinary Performs Examination Pet Owner Relationships Entity Relationship Entity PetOwner Owns Pet Pays Invoice Attends Appointment Pet Relationships Entity Relationship Entity Pet Undergoes Examination Attends Appointment Cardinality Ratio of PetCare database Cardinality or degree concerns the number of instances involved in a relationship. A relationship can be said to be either a 1:1 (one-to-one) relationship, a 1: M (one-to-many) relationship, or an M: N (many-to-many) relationship. Final Clinic relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Clinic 1..1 Has 1..M Staff 1..M Registers 1..M Pet 1..1 Schedules 1†¦M Appointment 1..1 IsContactedBy 1..M PetOwner Final Veterinary Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Veterinary 1..1 Performs 1..M Examination Final Pet Owner Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity PetOwner 1..1 Owns 1..M Pet 1..1 Pays 1..M Invoice 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment Final Pet Relationships Entity Cardinality Relationship Cardinality Entity Pet 1..1 Undergoes 1..M Examination 1..1 Attends 1..M Appointment First draft Entity Relationship Data Model Second draft Entity Relationship Data Model Final Entity Relationship Data Model Task 2 Normalization Normalization is a technique for producing a set of table with desirable properties that support the requirements of a user or company. There are several normal forms, although the most ones are called first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF). All these normal forms are based on rules about relationships among the columns of a table. First normal forms (1NF) Only first normal form (1NF) is critical in creating appropriate tables for relational databases. All the subsequence normal forms are optional. A table in which the intersection of every column and record contains only one value Clinic (clinicNo, address, city, state, zipcode, telNo, faxNo, opeingHour) Primary Key clinicNo Alternate Key zipCode Alternate Key telNo Alternate Key faxNo Alternate Key opeingHour clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00This version of the Clinic table is not in 1NF More than one value, so not in 1NF Converting to 1NF To convert this version of the Clinic table to 1NF, we create separate table called ClinicTelephone to hold the telephone number of clinics, by removing the tellNo column from the Clinic table along with a copy of the primary key of the Clinic table. The primary key for the new ClinicTelephone table is now the telNo column. The Clinic and ClinicTelephone table are in 1 NF as there is a single value at the intersection of every column with every record for each table Clinic (Not 1NF) clinicNo address telNo openingHour C001 Enfield 503-555-3618, 503-555-2727, 503-555-6534 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 206-555-6756, 206-555-8836 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 212-371-3000 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 206-555-3131, 206-555-4112 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 8502333 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 4650000 9.00-21-00 Remove telNo column and create a new column called telNo in the new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become foreign key ClinicTelephone (1NF) clinicNo telNo C001 503-555-3618 C001 503-555-2727 C001 503-555-6534 C002 206-555-6756 C002 206-555-8836 C003 212-371-3000 C004 206-555-3131 C004 206-555-4112 C005 8502333 C006 4650000 Clinic (1NF) clinicNo address openingHour C001 Enfield 9.00-21-00 C002 Islington 9.00-21-00 C003 Hackney 9.00-21-00 C004 Holloway 9.00-21-00 C005 Chingford 9.00-21-00 C006 Leyton 9.00-21-00 Second normal form (2NF) Second normal form applies only to tables with composite primary keys that are table with a primary key composed of two or more columns. A 1NF table with a single column primary key is automatically in at least 2NF. A table that is not in 2NF may suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and which the values in each non-primary-key column can be worked out from values in all columns that make up the primary key. Third normal form (3NF) Although 2NF table have less redundancy that table in 1 NF, they may still suffer from update anomalies. A table that is already in 1NF and 2NF, and in which the values in all non-primary key columns can be worked out from only the primary key column and no other columns. staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Values in clinicNo and clinicAddress columns can be worked out from telNo, so table not in 3NF Values in clinicNo and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicAddress, so table not in 3NF Values in all non-primary-key columns can be worked out from the primary key, staffNo Values in clinicAddress and telNo columns can be worked out from clinicNo, so table not in 3NF staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo StaffClinic (Not 3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo clinicAddress telNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 Enfield 5035553618 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 Islington 206555675 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 Islington 206555 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 Hackney 8502333 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Holloway 4650000 Move column to new table Take copy of clinicNo column to new table to become primary key Clinic (3NF) clinicNo clinicAddress telNo C001 Enfield 5035553618 C001 Enfield 5035553618 C002 Islington 206555675 C002 Islington 206555 C003 Hackney 8502333 C004 Holloway 4650000 Staff (3NF) staffNo name lastName salary clinicNo S001 Tom Adams 25000 C001 S002 Sally Daniels 35222 C001 S003 Mary Chin 5200 C002 S004 Sally Stern 5000 C002 S005 Art Peters 45822 C003 S006 Tommy Verciti 65000 C004 Primary key Becomes foreign key Becomes candidate key Becomes primary key Task 3 Using a Database Management System (DBMS) of your choice, set up all the above normalized tables, and populate them with well-designed test data (minimum 5 records per table). Provides printouts of all tables. Reasonable assumption may be made with regard to data Clinic Table create table clinic ( clinicNO int not null primary key, telNo varchar(255), address varchar(255), ) alter table clinic add clinicName varchar (255) alter table clinic add openingHour varchar(255) alter table clinic add eTelNo varchar (255) insert into clinic values (01,2863015,Darwin Avenue,8.00-21.00,2863000,Enfield) insert into clinic values (02,4650001,John David Avenue,8.00-21.00,2868000,Islington) insert into clinic values (03,4278926,King Arthur Avenue,8.00-21.00,2867000,Hackney) insert into clinic values (04,2682365,Paul Mac Avenue,8.00-21.00,2866000,Holloway) insert into clinic values (05,4682685,James Micheal Avenue,8.00-21.00,2865000,Chingford) insert into clinic values (06,2863015,Benaoit Frank Avenue,8.00-21.00,2864000,Leyton) Pet owner create table petowner ( ownerID int not null primary key, oFName varchar (255), oLName varchar (255), clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo)) alter table petowner add addres varchar(255) alter table petowner add hTelNo varchar(255) alter table petowner add mTelNo varchar (255) insert into petowner values (01,Marvin,Hemraj,1,Edith Cavel Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (02,Ramjeet,Lavin,2,Avenue Gonin,2564589,7585695) insert into petowner values (03,Arzeena,Bakarkhan,3,Gorgetown Str,2106584,758956) insert into petowner values (04,Chetan,Sing,4,Jackson Road,2458695,7582658) insert into petowner values (05,Hansley,Nowjee,5,15 Ollier Avenue,2565458,7589562) insert into petowner values (06,Sam,Fisher,6,Leess Street,26584585,75895623) Pet Table create table pet ( petNo int not null primary key, type varchar (255), breed varchar (255), sex varchar (255), dob varchar (255) ) alter table pet add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) alter table pet add ownerid int foreign key references petOwner (ownerid) alter table pet add petName varchar (255) insert into pet values (01,Dog,Terroer,Male,1 Jan 2004,01,01,Wouf) insert into pet values (02,Dog,Poodle,Female,2 Feb 2005,02,02,Snoopy) insert into pet values (03,Cat,Persian,Male,3 March 2006,03,03,Minous) insert into pet values (04,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 April 2007,04,04,Milous) insert into pet values (05,Rabit,Dwarf,male,5 May 2008,05,05,Lapino) insert into pet values (06,Cat,Siamese,Female,4 June 2009,06,06,Lapinas) Examination Table create table examination ( examNo int not null primary key ) alter table examination add veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) alter table examination add petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo) alter table examination add presDrugType varchar (255), presPeriod varchar (255) insert into examination values (1,1,Anti-biotic,15,01) insert into examination values (2,2,Painkiller,14,02) insert into examination values (3,3,Behaviour modification,13,03) insert into examination values (4,4,Ear medication,12,04) insert into examination values (5,5,Skin medication,15,05) insert into examination values (6,6,Painkiller,10,06) Appointment Table create table appointment ( appNo int not null primary key, aDate varchar (255), aTime varchar (255), petNo int foreign key references pet (petNo), ownerID int foreign key references petowner (ownerID), veterinaryId int foreign key references veterinary (veterinaryId) ) alter table appointment add clinicNO int foreign key references clinic (clinicNO) alter table appointment alter column aDate date insert into appointment values (01,2 October 2010,10.00,1,1,1,1) insert into appointment values (02,3 November 2009,10.35,2,2,2,2) insert into appointment values (03,4 December 2009,13.00,3,3,3,3) insert into appointment values (04,5 January 2010,15.00,4,4,4,4) insert into appointment values (05,6 Feb 2010,18.00,5,5,5,5) insert into appointment values (06,7 March 2010,9.00,6,6,6,6) Invoice Table create table invoice ( invoiceNo int not null primary key, ownerid int foreign key references petowner (ownerid), amt int ) alter table invoice add examNo int foreign key references examination (examNo) insert into invoice values (01,01,500,1) insert into invoice values (02,02,2000,2) insert into invoice values (03,03,400,3) insert into invoice values (04,04,300,4) insert into invoice values (05,05,1500,5) insert into invoice values (06,06,750,6) Veterinary Table create table veterinary ( veterinaryId int not null primary key, name varchar (255), Address varchar(255), hTelNo varchar(255), mTelNo varchar(255), clinicBranch varchar (255), specialise varchar(255) ) select * from veterinary alter table veterinary add spspecialise varchar(255) alter table veterinary drop column clinicBranch alter table veterinary add clinicNo int foreign key references clinic (clinicNo) insert into veterinary values (01,Jean,High Street Way 43,6358264,7595865,1,dog) insert into veterinary values (02,Robbin,Lower Downtown 2,6582354,7362548,2,cat) insert into veterinary values (03,Ricky,Market Ville Road,4582356,7586523,3,rabit) insert into veterinary values (04,Rowan,Little China Road2,4582653,7263158,4,dog) insert into veterinary values (05,Laksh,Havana Roadway,8596564,7236458,5,rabit) insert into veterinary values (06,Hans,Talipos Road,4625687,7859584,6,cat) Task 4 Set-up and test all of the following queries using Structured Query Language (SQL). Provide printouts of SQL code for each query and the output produced when you run the query in the database you have developed. Query Question 1 Display the names and address of the branches of Petcare and the name of all veterinary doctors working at each of the branches. Any specialism (s) of the veterinary doctors should also show. Using SQL Code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], clinic.address AS [Branches Address], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], veterinary.specialise AS [Veterinary Specialism] FROM clinic INNER JOIN veterinary ON clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo The Result Using Query Designer The Result Query Question 2 Display all the appointments for the whole of the Petcare organization. This should be ordered by date. The result should display the branch the appointment is at, the name of the veterinary doctor the appointment is with, the date and time of the appointment, the name of the animal the appointment is for, the type of animal and the breed of the animal. Using SQL code SELECT clinic.clinicName AS [Branches Name], veterinary.name AS [Veterinary Doctor Name], appointment.aDate AS [Appointment Date], appointment.aTime AS [Appointment Time], pet.petName AS [Pet Name], pet.type AS [Pet Type], pet.breed AS [Pet Breed] FROM appointment INNER JOIN clinic ON appointment.clinicNO = clinic.clinicNO INNER JOIN veterinary ON appointment.veterinaryId = veterinary.veterinaryId AND clinic.clinicNO = veterinary.clinicNo INNER JOIN pet ON appointment.petNo = pet.petNo AND clinic.clinicNO = pet.clinicNo ORDER BY [Appointment Date] The Result Using Query Designer The Result Task 5 Explain any assumptions you have made when analyzing, designing and implementing the above database, justify the approach you have taken and explain any alternative approaches you could have taken to any of the above tasks. Discuss any changes you would make to improve your work. Determine candidate, primary and alternate key attributes This step is concerned with identifying the candidate key for an entity and then selecting one to be the primary key. In the process of identifying primary keys, note whether an entity is strong or weak. In trying to identify candidate keys, I observe that the clinic number for the Clinic entity, the veterinary number for the veterinary entity, the invoice number for the Invoice entity are unique for the entire practice. On the other hand, the owner number for the PetOwner entity, the pet number for the Pet entity, are only unique for a particular clinic. Its not uncommon for a company to give different offices a degree of local autonomy. However, in a centralized database system its sometimes more appropriate to have uniqueness throughout the company. In discussion with the PetCare management, its agreed that all numbers should be allocated across the entire practice, as opposed to each branches. If this had not been the decision, it would have been necessary to add the clinic number to those numbers only unique within each clinic to gain uniqueness across the practice. With this in mind, I have now identify the primary keys and foreign key. Check model for redundancy At this point, I have a logical data model for Petcare. However, the data model may contain some redundancy which should be removed. More speci ¬Ã‚ cally, I have to: (1) Re-examine one-to-one (1:1) relationships. (2) Remove redundant relationships. (3) One-to-one (1:1) relationships Redundant relationships There are a number of relationships between PetOwner, Pet, Clinic, and Appointment, and a closer examination is useful to identify any redundant relationships. First of all, note that the PetOwner/Pet entities have mandatory participation in the POAttends/PAttends/Owns relationships, and that a PetOwner may own many pets. Therefore, for any given Appointment we can identify the Owner through the POAttends relationship, but we cannot then identify the Pet through the Owns relationship. However, for any given Appointment, we can identify the Pet through the PAttends relationship and for any given Pet we can identify the PetOwner through the Owns relationship, which suggests that the POAttends relationship is redundant. In a similar way, through the PAttends relationship we can identify the Pet, and through the Registers relationship we can identify the Clinic involved in the Appointment, which suggests the Schedules relationship is also redundant. Note that the IsContactedBy relationship between Clinic and PetOwner also appears to be redundant. However, PetCare notes the details of pet owners when they first make contact and only obtains the details of pets at the first appointment, and so the IsContactedBy relationship is retained. Check business rules Business rules are the constraints that I have impose in order to protect the database from becoming inconsistent. Of the six types of business rules, four were identified in previous steps and documented in the above. I consider the remaining two here: referential integrity and other business rules. Referential integrity There are two issues to consider here: (1) Identify whether nulls are allowed for the foreign key. In general, if the participation of the child table in the relationship is mandatory, then the strategy is tha

Why Algebra? :: essays research papers

Why Do We Teach Algebra? Until recent history, mathematics had not been taught to the general population. Only those who were rich, powerful, and/or politically connected were given the opportunity to study math beyond basic counting operations. Many of my junior high students are excited about the prospects of returning to this situation. I have the opportunity to teach remedial math and math study skills courses for a local university. Many of the college students with whom I am involved are going back to school after many years in the work force. Most of them experience a high degree of math anxiety because they have forgotten much of the algebra they learned in school. They've forgotten it because they don't use algebra in their daily lives. In fact, many college students are quite successful in their various programs of study and yet struggle to pass their general algebra requirements. And almost everyone breaks into a cold sweat at the mere mention of the words "story problems". Given th e high anxiety level associated with the subject and the fact that so much of what we learn in algebra is not used by the general population, why is it so important that we teach it? Be honest! When was the last time you needed to factor a polynomial or to find the asymptotes in a rational expression. Unless you must use these ideas in your work, your answer is probably "huh?" Don't get me wrong, I think there are compelling reasons to teach algebra to the general population. The first reason, of course, is utility. We use much of the algebra we've learned every day. For example, the ordering properties of our real number system are the basis for almost all of our comparisons--deciding which cereal is cheaper, alphabetizing lists, etc, etc, etc. Negative numbers are useful in balancing our checkbooks--bummer! Of course, we add, subtract, multiply, and divide practically every day. I could go on and on. Most of the problem solving we do has a mathematical basis. Even "he loves me, he loves me not" is a simple mathematical progression--i.e.1, -1, 1, -1,... Another reason we should learn algebra is to enhance our pattern recognition skills. Pattern recognition is an important problem solving skill. If I can make a problem match a similar previously solved pattern, then the current problem is solved. This is a powerful tool. So powerful, in fact, that a mathematician’s work is more involved with determining whether a solution exists than actually finding the solution.

Aspects of contract and business law Essay

Identify the legal criteria for offer and acceptance in a valid contract A contract is defined as a legally binding agreement and are very important in business. This is because: * it is risky to enter into a business arrangement without some form of contract * this is because, in the event of something not going as planned, a business contract is your safety net * without a business contract that stipulates the procedures, policies and expectations of the concerned parties, it is also likely that a dispute will arise in the course of the transactions * a broken contract can result in a law suit or an out of court settlement and the payment of damages caused by the breech of contract There are many different types of contracts. The main elements needed for a standard contract are: – Offer – Acceptance – Capacity – Consideration Offer And Acceptance Offer An offer is a definite promise made by an offeror to an offeree about the agreement made. They make this promise with the intention that it shall become binding or legally enforceable as soon as it accepted by the person receiving the offer (the offeree). Acceptance A valid offer must be accepted by the offeree to the contract. In normal circumstances, acceptance of the offer must be communicated to the person making the offer, (the offeror). Acceptance of an offer must be in the form specified in the offer. This can be both written or oral. An example of an offer and acceptance would be: A vending machine. The machine is offering you the items and you are choosing whether to accept the offer by putting your money into the machine to purchase the item. A person going into a shop to purchase an item, they would pick up the item and take it to the till to pay. When the customer, the offeror, hands the shop keeper the money they are making an offer, as soon as the shop keeper, the offeree, accepts the money they are showing acceptance. Sometimes the situation can just be as simple as this and no words have to be spoken. Invitation to treat There is a big difference between an offer and acceptance and an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is an indication that a person is prepared to receive offers from another person. In this sense, ‘treat’ means to ‘trade’ or ‘to do business’. The person who is available to receive an invitation to treat can accept or reject the offer until the final moment of acceptance. An example of invitation to treat would be: – Goods displayed, with a price ticket attached, in a shop window or supermarket; the customer can make an offer to buy the product, this can then be accepted or rejected by the seller up to the point of sale. – Products advertised in catalog, brochures, Internet etc, even if the word offer is used by sellers to promote their goods. An offer must be distinguished from an invitation to treat. Carlill vs carbolic smoke ball company (1892) The carbolic smoke company placed an advertisement in newspaper to tell people of their new flu remedy. The advertisement stated that it would pay  £100 to anyone who took the remedy for 14 days but still got the flu. Mrs carlill used the remedy but unfortunately still got the flu, and made a claim against the company for the money. But the smoke ball company refused to pay the money. The company tried to claim that the advertisement was an attempt to make an offer to the whole world which meant communication of it was impossible. Normally an advertisement in the newspaper or on television etc, would be an invitation to treat, but in this case as the company had actually gone out of their way to put money into the bank they lost the argument, and it made it an offer and acceptance. The company had made an offer to the whole world and mrs carlill choose to accept their offer meaning they had to pay her as a contract had been made. Counter offers Counters offers are offers that are made and then gone back on and adjusted. As soon as a counter offer is made it voids the original contract. For example, if I want to buy a car and the offeror offers it to me for  £5000 and I choose not to accept as it is too high, but then to counter offer by offering them a lower price for it and then the original offeror chooses not to accept my offer, and I then say okay I will pay  £5000 and then they say no sorry, you can have it for  £5500. This is a counter offer, as I rejected the original offer and then by counter offering I made the original offer void, and then they can make a new offer. Task two (p2) Explain the law in relation to the formation of a contract in a given situation A contract comes in to existence when the offer that has been made by the offeror is accepted by the offeree. Contracts can be written or verbal/oral. A verbal contract is when two parties agree through the spoken word and therefore bound by a verbal agreement. This is often done between friends or business people that know each other well enough to agree to be bound legally on a spoken word or a hand shake. An example of this could be, ‘I will wash your car for ten pounds’, ‘okay thank you very much’. Written contracts are much more common in the work place. It is much easier and simpler for people to be bound by the terms of a written contract, where the details of the contract are included in a document signed by each party, (the offeree and the offeror). These can range from relatively simple agreements to much more formal contracts signed by the parties. Some examples of these could be, the sale of land, regulated credit and hi agreements and employment. Sometimes, a written contract can be much more beneficial and could be a lot safer to use, some examples why are: * A well written, clear, concise contract can avoid customer disputes and complaints. The contract should make clear both parties rights and regulations and obligations. * The subject matter can be easier to understand in a written contract. * Written contracts can specify delivery times, deadlines etc. * It is easier to put down the payments terms in a written document. * A written contract can provide alternative methods for the settlement of certain disputes. Also there is standard form contracts. Consideration Under contract law, the agreement between the parties will not in itself create a legally binding contract. There must be some degree of consideration between the parties for a valid contract to take place. Consideration is what one party to a contract will get from the other party in return for performing contract obligations. A contract is based on the exchange of promises. Each party to a contract must be both a promisor and a promisee. They must each receive a benefit and each suffer a detriment. This benefit or detriment is referred to as consideration. Consideration must be something of value in the eyes of the law. – This excludes promises of love and affection, gaming and betting etc. A one sided promise which is not supported by consideration is a gift. The law does not enforce gifts unless they are made by deed. An example of this would be, An event organiser promises to pay a band  £1000 if they sing at an event. The consideration for the event organisers promise would be to pay band if they promise to play at an event. The consideration for the bands promise to play at the event is the event organiser to pay the band  £1000. Consideration can take two forms: * executed consideration – an act in exchange for a promise, such as a reward case where the person making the offer promises to pay the reward upon the act of the act being completed. * executory consideration – the parties exchange promises to perform acts in the future, most contracts begin this way. For example, a seller promises to deliver to a buyer as a result of the buyers promise to buy at the agreed price. Consideration from the buyer is the promise to pay the price on completion. There are 5 rules of consideration, which are, 1) consideration must not be past 2) consideration must be sufficient but need not be adequate – there is no requirement that the consideration must be market value, providing some of value is given eg  £1 given in exchange for a house would be valid, the courts are not concerned with whether the parties have made a good or bad bargain 3) consideration must move from the promise – if a person other than the promisee is to provide the consideration, the promisee can not enforce the agreement Tweed one v Atkinson (1861) A couple were getting married and the father of the bride entered into an agreement with the father of the groom saying that they would each pay the couple a sum of money. Unfortunately both the father of the bride and the father of the groom died without paying any money. The groom then made a claim against the executor of the will. The claim failed as the groom was not party to the agreement and the consideration did not move from him. Therefore he was not entailed to enforce the contract. 4) an existing publics duty will not amount to a valid consideration – where a party has a public duty to act, this can not be used as consideration for a new promise 5) an existing contractual duty will not amount to valid consideration – if a party has an existing contractual duty to do an act, this act can not be used as consideration for a new promise Capacity Capacity is the legal power to enter into a contract. Who does not have the legal capacity? * minors – do have limited capacity * bankrupts * incapacitated persons – do have limited capacity For example, minors. Legal rules have been developed to protect minors from contractual liability and to allow them to also enter into agreements in limited circumstances. There are two types of contract that bind minor when dealing with adults, – supply of necessary goods – employment Also incapacitated persons are unable to enter into a contract. People suffering from a medically diagnosed mental health condition cannot enter into a valid contact as it is believed they do not have sufficient mental capacity to understand what it is they are doing. Also if the person is intoxicated and able to prove they were at the time the contract came into place they are seen as an incapacitated person and are unable to legally enter into a contract. Privity of a contract The doctrine of private means that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person except the parties to it. Under common law only a promisee may enforce the promise meaning that if the third party is not a promisee they are not a privy to that certain contract. It is a legal concept denying third parties the right to sue on a contract. Price v Easton (1833) This case involved a three way argument. Basically Easton agreed with X that he would pay Price for the work that X had done. They completed the work and Easton refused to pay Price the money, Price tried to sue Easton but he failed. This was due to private of a contract. The contract was made between Easton and X therefore Price was not a privy to the contract. Task Three (p3) Describe the law with respect to misrepresentation in a given situation. Misrepresentation is a false statement of fact made by one party to other party before the contract is made with a view to inducing the other to enter it. For example, ‘one carful owner’ this statement is very misleading as you would expect that only one person has owner the product before and has been very careful with it, but this statement really could mean, it may have only had one careful owner but had ten bad owners. This statement is not lying it is just stating a fact and leaving out important detail therefore this is an example of misrepresentation. Once it has been established that a false statement has been made and that it induced the contract, it is necessary to determine the type of misrepresentation in order to determine the available remedy. There are different types of misrepresentation. For example, Fraudulent – A person will be liable for fraud if they make a statement which they know to be false or they have no belief in its truth or they are reckless or careless whether it is true or false. For example, Lapland new forest produced a website showing fantastic winter scenes. Unfortunately, the photos on the website were not taken at the park and customers were hugely disappointed when they arrived at the resort to find it is not at all like the website, many demanded their money back. In 2009 the owners of the park appeared in court and were charged with fraudulent misrepresentation. Innocent – a false statement made by a person who had reasonable grounds to believe that it was true, not only when the contract was made but also when the contact was entered into. Negligent – A person can be liable when they make a false statement and have no reasonable ground for believing the statement to be true. In the situation given I believe that it is negligent misrepresentation as Esso had no reason to believe that the statement given by their experienced representative was true at the time or the time the contract was entered into. I think the representative gave a false statement to get Martin to enter into the contract. I think Esso were inducing Martin into entering the contact, although, Martin would have expected the statement to be correct as it was an experienced representative for Esso who gave the statement he would have thought that they would be a reliable source so he probably did not do any checks on the land and just thought their word for it. Task Four (m1) Analyse the impact of the requirements for a valid contract in a given situation. 1) Mr Baron You have not entered into a valid contract as Mrs Anderson did not accept your offer. She informed you that she intends to sell her car at a certain price and you said you would like to buy it. There is o evidence that offer and acceptance has taken place here therefore no contact was made. 2) Mr Cunningham Although the seller offered you the product at  £900 as soon as you offered him  £800 the contract was broken. This is because of counter offer taking place. Even though you were prepared to pay the full price in the end, you had broken the contract by counter offering him therefore it is his choice whether to sell the product or not and whether to enter into another contract with you. 10) Mrs Lawrence (I wasn’t sure if the garage checks/services the car before they sell it on so I did two explanations) This is a case of fraudulent misrepresentation. Before the car was sold to you, the car sales showroom should have checked the car to make sure everything they were stating about the car was correct. Therefore they should have known that the mileage was significantly higher when you purchased it. This is a case of innocent misrepresentation. At the time when the car sales showroom sold the car to you they did not know that the mileage was significantly higher therefore it can not be seen as their fault as they were lead to believe that the statement they were giving was true.

Thesis Paper on the Crucible T - 1143 Words

John Proctor: #8220;God in heaven, what is John Proctor, what is John Proctor#8221;. John is a man of strong moral beliefs any way he or she look at him, concerned only for the safety of his family and personal welfare. He cares of nothing for the beliefs of any of the other people in the town and what his supervisor which is the Reverend, thinks either. After trying to avoid involvement in the witch trials he is later prosecuted for witchery and sentenced to hang. John trys to avoid any involvement in the Salem witch trials. His reason for doing so is to protect his image because he is afraid he will be committed of adultery with Abigail Williams. Following these events he trys to save everyone#8217;s lives by admitting to this†¦show more content†¦Although all this goes on in the end the community of Salem lies on his decision on weather to lie dishonorably or die honorably. John Proctor is looked upon as a respectable farmer, and as a individualist, he may be but he is st ill respected. John does not respect the church or theocracy especially when a reverend so corrupt is the superior. John Proctor is setup as the individual who is revolting form the restrictions of too much authority. He does not like #8220;the smell of this authority.#8221; Many men were believed to be tempted by the Devil to do his bidding and they were thought of to be the enemy. #8220;In Salem, the enemy is at least partially represented by Proctor, who is acting as an individual and is breaking away from the established authority.#8221; As such, he is a threat to the community, and consequently will be considered as being aligned with the Devil. The one looked upon as a threat, ultimately, the central figure of drama, but still seen as a Christian is seen to be John Proctor. 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